نقش واسطه ای فساد بین رشد اقتصادی و انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Methodology and data source
3- Results and discussion
4- Conclusion
References
Abstract
The policy debate on economic growth and CO2 emissions is topical: corruption may affect this relationship by raising pollution at given income levels and by reducing per capita income. This research proposed a newly formulated conceptual framework to explore the moderating role of corruption on the relationship between growth and CO2 emissions by applying a partial least square regression model for a panel of BRICS countries from 1996 to 2015. Overall, from our empirical findings, we infer that the moderating role of corruption is crucial in the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions and control of corruption reduce CO2 emissions. Furthermore, a significant moderating effect of corruption is observed on the relationship between urbanisation and carbon dioxide emissions in the case of BRICS countries, which signifies poor environmental performance therein. Also, control of corruption has a moderating effect on the relationship between trade and CO2 emissions. The variance importance analysis confirms the reliability of our results. The novel finding of the study not only advances the prior literature also provides a more clearer picture of the growth-emission nexus. The new findings can be of special interest to policymakers as they seek to control pollution at national level.
Introduction
Over the last three decades, the relationship between growth and CO2 emissions has become a key issue among environmental economists. Previous studies have tested this relationship by using several econometric techniques, employing different panels of countries and concluded that growth is an important determinant of carbon dioxide emissions. There are three schools of thought regarding the growth-CO2 emission nexus along with energy consumption. One school of thought supports the pioneering work of Grossman and Krueger [1] who argue that in the initial stages of economic growth CO2 emissions increase, but later,with an increase in income, CO2 emissions decrease according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The second school of thought has found that energy consumption is the main culprit behind growing CO2 emissions worldwide [2–8]. The third school of thought has argued for a causal relationship between growth and CO2 emissions [9]. Recently, Mirza and Kanwal [10] express bivariate causality between growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. The inference drawn from these studies reflects a lack of consensus.