مطالعه تخلیه آب زیرزمینی و تعادل آب زیرزمینی در حوزه آبخیر رودخانه کاندیوالاسا
ABSTRACT
The Kandivalasa River Sub Basin near Cheepurupalli town of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India was monitored for groundwater levels at 41 observation wells during 2013–2015. Along with groundwater levels, the daily rainfall data is also collected for these years. A continuous decrease in groundwater levels was observed during the study period more particularly in the year 2015 which also had minimum rainfall. Groundwater depletion is observed mostly in the Eastern and South Western part of the basin where pumping wells are more. Groundwater balance studies have indicated that 11.3 MCM of groundwater can be utilized in the basin annually. However, the net annual groundwater draft has been found to be 16.6 MCM. Hence, over abstraction of 5.66 MCM is the main cause for depletion of groundwater levels. The water conservation and groundwater recharge measures have to be taken up at Chinnanadipally and Dummeda villages in the basin to have sustainable groundwater utilization in the basin.
1. Introduction
India is currently the world's largest consumer of groundwater, withdrawing more than double the amount of groundwater drawn by the USA (Shah, 2005). Over the years, increasing dependence on groundwater has created imbalance in the groundwater availability and long term withdrawal is exceeding long term recharge, leading to the depletion of groundwater level. Since agriculture is the main occupation in the study area which is Kandivalasa River Sub Basin (KRSB) near Cheepurupalli town of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India, the farmers are mainly dependent on groundwater for irrigation in nonmonsoon period (November to May). To meet the challenges of depleting groundwater levels and thereby drying up of bore wells in the non-monsoon season, the management and development of groundwater resources is essential in the study area. Hence, it is very important to know about the extent of natural recharge occurring to the aquifer of the region. Moreover, the groundwater recharge estimation is a key component in groundwater flow or transport models.
چکیده
1. مقدمه
2. هیدرولوژی ناحیه مطالعاتی
3. روش ها
3.1. روش نوسان تراز آب
4. نتایج و بحث
4.1. سناریوی تخلیه آب زیرزمینی در حوزه آبخیز
4.2. تخمین منابع آب زیرزمینی قابل استفاده سالانه
4.3. تخمین برداشت آب زیرزمینی کل و تعادل آب زیرزمینی
4.4. تخمین مرحله توسعه آب زیرزمینی
5. شناسایی موقعیت های بازانباشت
6. نتیجه گیری
ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Hydrogeology of the study area
3. Methods
3.1. Water-table fluctuation method
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Groundwater depletion scenario in the basin
4.2. Estimation of annual utilizable groundwater resources
4.3. Estimation of total groundwater abstraction and the groundwater balance
4.4. Estimation of stage of groundwater development
5. Identification of recharge locations
6. Conclusions
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