مقاله انگلیسی ویژگی های جنسی در علائم اضطراب و افسردگی در طول عمر
Abstract
Keywords
Background
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Declarations of Competing Interest
Acknowledgments
Appendix. Supplementary materials
References
ABSTRACT
Background: Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with impaired well-being, higher risk of developing psychoaffective disorders and are risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To further understand their relevance and the mechanisms underlying their link with AD, our aims were to assess how anxiety and depressive symptoms changed with age and related to AD neuroimaging biomarkers across the adult lifespan, while also exploring sex specificities. Methods: 210 cognitively normal participants aged 19-86 years (101 men, 109 women) completed assessments of anxiety and depressive symptoms with the STAI-A and MADRS respectively, and neuroimaging measurements including structural MRI, FDG-PET and amyloid-PET. 167 of those were followed-up over 1.5–3 years. Multiple regressions were performed to assess the links between anxiety or depressive symptoms versus age, global cognition or each imaging modality, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally; and general linear models we used to test the interactive effect of sex on these associations. Results: Depressive symptoms decreased with age, while anxiety symptoms increased only among women. Higher anxiety symptoms were associated with lower grey matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism, with an interaction of sex, this relationship being significant only in women. Longitudinally, only low baseline GM volume predicted an increase in anxiety symptoms with time. Limitations: Only 43% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Despite additional analyses, the low variability in the measure might have prevented us from detecting subtle changes. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to consider anxiety symptoms in assessments for dementia risk, particularly in women.
Background
Subclinical symptoms of anxiety and depression are frequently observed in older adults (Bryant et al., 2008; Forlani et al., 2014), and are associated with a high risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders (Chambers et al., 2004; Cuijpers and Smit, 2004; Karsten et al., 2011). Elevated levels of anxiety and depression are associated with a worsening of the quality of life of seniors, fragility, sleep problems and cognitive disorders, or even with increased rates of mortality, morbidity and disability (Bryant et al., 2008; Cuijpers and Smit, 2004; Siegel and Mathews, 2015). Moreover, subthreshold anxiety and depressive symptoms were found to increase the risk of developing dementia (Harrington et al., 2015; Petkus et al., 2016; Singh-Manoux et al., 2017). Compared to individuals without symptoms of anxiety and depression, they were twice as likely to develop amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s dementia, over 3–6 years (Donovan et al., 2018).