مقاله انگلیسی فصلی بودن در اختلال افسردگی اساسی: تأثیر جنسیت و سن
Abstract
Keywords
Background/Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Abbreviations
Declarations
Availability of data and materials
Competing interest
Funding
Authors’ contributions
Acknowledgements
Appendix. Supplementary materials
References
ABSTRACT
Background: Aside from the concept of seasonal affective disorder, the evidence for a seasonal pattern (SP) of major depressive disorder (MDD) is controversial. Furthermore, the effect of sex and age is still unclear. Methods: This is a nationwide, registry-based study assessing all inpatient admissions in mental health hospitals due to MDD episodes according to ICD-10 (moderate (F32/33.1), severe (F32/33.2) and severe with psychotic features (F32/33.3)) in Austria across 14 years. Calculations were based on deviations from expected monthly admissions. Results: The sample comprised 231,824 hospitalisations (36.8% men) for MDD. A significant SP (p=0.001) in moderate and severe depressive episodes in both women and men with decreased admission rates in the summer months and December was detected. In psychotic depression a significant SP was only evidenced in women (p = 0.002, men: p = 0.291). Patients older than 55 years had a reduced SP compared to those being younger. Limitations: Only anonymised admission data of inpatient treatments were available. Hospitalization rates cannot fully be equated to the occurrence of MDD. Conclusions: The current study indicates a seasonal variation in MDD symptoms that may go beyond seasonal affective disorder. Knowledge about the predictability of depressive symptoms in patients should encourage preventive strategies.
Background/Introduction
The global prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) was estimated to exceed 320 million in 2015, affecting 4.4 percent of the total world population (WHO). In fact, some countries evidenced a significant increase in MDD within the last decade (Steffen et al., 2020). Overall, the disorder is one of the leading causes of years lived with disability, causing a significant disease burden (James et al., 2018). Many affected individuals seem to exhibit changes in various psychosocial areas of functioning, including drive, sleep, or mood, which are influenced by seasonality (Kasper et al., 1989; Monteleone and Maj, 2008).