پردازش و چشم اندازها در مورد کامپوزیت های پلیمری تقویت شده با فیبر طبیعی
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Natural fibers composites, properties and their applications
3- Processing of natural fiber reinforced composites
4- Additive manufacturing (AM) of composites
5- Challenges and opportunities in AM of natural fiber composites
6- Concluding remarks
References
Abstract
Throughout the world there have been alarming concerns over the use of nonrenewable resources during manufacturing of goods and associated environmental legislations. Therefore, the use of natural materials and fabrication of composites therefrom, particularly, development of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites is gaining significant attention. Although natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) show strong application prospects, various materials and processing related challenges needs to be addressed to achieve long-term stability and performance. In this review, we attempted to provide an overview of different types of natural fibers, their characteristics and properties enabling them to be used as reinforcing agents in different polymers. Then the unique requirement of fiber surface modification to achieve enhanced fiber-matrix bonding is discussed. The article also discusses conventional processing routes and critical issues associated with NFRCs processing. The use of different additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in processing polymer composites is also discussed. At the end, we have critically analyzed the challenges and opportunities associated with AM of NFRCs.
Introduction
Environmentally friendly processes, products and recycling or use of waste are greatly acknowledged not only by scientific community but also by several industries due to mounting concerns over the use of nonrenewable resources. These are critical to the key principles of sustainable manufacturing; namely, reduce, reuse, recycle, recover, redesign, and remanufacture. Environmental legislation such as end-of-life vehicles must be 85% reusable/recycled, 10% used for energy recovery and balance for landfills implemented in Europe since 2015 is a very good example to address these environmental concerns [1]. Extensive research is underway at various parts of the world to meet environmental concerns by exploiting materials and composites prepared using renewable resources [2]. In this context, composites comprising polymer matrices and natural fibers are of great interest which can provide desirable properties and performance at affordable cost. Although natural fiber reinforced composites (NFRCs) show strong future potential and prospects, various materials and processing related challenges needs to be addressed to achieve long-term stability and performance. Currently, several synthetic polymers are being used as matrices to fabricate NFRCs, which find applications in automotive, electronic, packaging, construction and biomedical sectors [3]. Natural fibers in these composites provide several economic and environmental benefits as they are abundant, recyclable, biodegradable and more importantly they are relatively inexpensive than synthetic reinforcements such as glass fibers [3]. Recently there has been growing interest on thermoplastic-based NFRCs for high-performance engineering applications [2,3]. However, these non-biodegradable synthetic polymers pose significant disposal problems and therefore, complete environmental compatibility of NFRCs is still a great challenge. In this context, the best approach would be to produce NFRCs using biodegradable polymer matrices which are produced using non-renewable/renewable resources or current non-biodegradable polymers produced using renewable biological resources [4,5].