مقاله انگلیسی عملکرد عملیاتی و ارزیابی حمایت از شبکه عملیات انعطاف پذیری توزیع شده
Abstract
Graphical abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Data and methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Credit author statement
Declaration of competing interest
Acknowledgements
References
abstract
This study explores the impacts of increased photovoltaic (PV) penetration on a real-world power grid. Detailed operational scenarios of existing distributed energy technologies, including grid-tied PV, heat pump, micro-cogeneration, and battery systems among smart residential prosumers are examined using smart meter data. Then, to quantify the grid-support interactions of the decentralized electricity generation and consumption under high grid PV penetration, we introduce grid-support indicators to recognize their induced month-to-month variations based on the dynamic grid spot trading price and carbon emission density profiles. The results show that increased electricity consumption is attractive when the flexible consumption is shifted to a low grid spot trading price and carbon emission intensity period. The grid-support benefits of distributed generators are improved when their output enables a reduction in imported electricity during the grid residual load peak period. The direct simple integration of distributed PV generation makes it difficult to achieve grid-support operation at high solar penetration levels. The analysis results provide insight into the favorable scheduling of the heat pump consumption for time periods corresponding to a large quantity of available on-site PV generation to improve the gridsupport performance. The results would help policymakers govern grid-support assets more equitablyfrom a system-level perspective.
Introduction
Motivation
Renewable energy and energy efficiency improvements are considered key resources for decarbonizing social energy systems [1]. The levelized cost of renewable energy technologies has fallen dramatically, even below the cost for some conventional fossil fuelbased plant generation.