بهینه سازی زمان بندی سیستم تولید انعطاف پذیر با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیکی
Abstract
Introduction
Description of model
Results and discussion
Conclusion
References
Abstract
Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) readily addresses the dynamic needs of the customers in terms of variety and quality. At present, there is a need to produce a wide range of quality products in limited time span. On-time delivery of customers’ orders is critical in make-to-order (MTO) manufacturing systems. The completion time of the orders depends on several factors including arrival rate, variability, and batch size, to name a few. Among those, batch size is a significant construct for effective scheduling of an FMS, as it directly affects completion time. On the other hand, constant batch size makes MTO less responsive to customers’ demands. In this paper, an FMS scheduling problem with n jobs and m machines is studied to minimize lateness in meeting due dates, with focus on the impact of batch size. The effect of batch size on completion time of the orders is investigated under following strategies: (1) constant batch size, (2) minimum part set, and (3) optimal batch size. A mathematical model is developed to optimize batch size considering completion time, lateness penalties and setup times. Scheduling of an FMS is not only a combinatorial optimization problem but also NP-hard problem. Suitable solutions of such problems through exact methods are difficult. Hence, a meta-heuristic Genetic algorithm is used to optimize scheduling of the FMS.
Introduction
An FMS is a highly automated production system consisting of a group of computer numerical control machine tools, linked by material handling system and controlled by a distributed control system. An FMS can simultaneously process medium variety and medium size volumes of products (Browne et al. 1984). An FMS is a sophisticated production system to respond dynamic variations of contemporary market including lead time reduction, flexibility to respond market variations and higher productivity (Atmani and Lashkari 1998). The major problems that an FMS has to face include designing, planning, scheduling and controlling. Among these, scheduling problem is a major challenge (Stecke 1985). An FMS’s scheduling differs from a conventional job shop scheduling due to routing flexibility of parts (Jain and Elmaraghy 1997). Scheduling is the assignment of resources over time to perform tasks. In conventional scheduling system, only one resource is considered, which processes the parts. An FMS scheduling differs from conventional job shop scheduling. The complexity of FMS scheduling is due to the flexibility of an FMS in terms of machine, product, operation and routing (Browne et al. 1984). Scheduling of an FMS is effected by several factors including orders arrivals, due dates and batch size (Liu and MacCarthy 1996). The production management has to set policies whether to handle periodic or continuous orders of the customers. Meeting customers’ due dates play key role in make to order system and the FMSs are mostly suited for MTO system.