طراحی دیوارهای دیافراگمی strutted در ماسه
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Numerical simulation
3- Verification
4- Analysis results and discussion
5- Conclusions
References
Abstract
In this paper, the seismic behavior and design of strutted diaphragm wall are evaluated in a dry cohesionless soil. The method of ACI 318 code for designing wall and also Peck's method under AISC regularization for designing steel strut have been discussed. The results indicated that conventional methods of wall and strut design have an acceptable performance in static condition, but when it is subjected to seismic loads, these methods return the values of bending moment and shear force of wall up to 2.8 times and the axial stress in strut up to 11 times larger than allowable limits.
Introduction
The increasing city population has led to an increase in transportation system and associated environmental problems are considered to be the main reasons behind the construction of underground structures in urban areas. The use of underground space requires excavation. Since the space for slope excavation is limited in urban areas, cutting is done vertically. Retaining walls are used to prevent large and unsafe soil displacement of the areas around the openings. Diaphragm walls are a kind of retaining walls which are expensive but save time and space and are also safe, so are widely used in underground urban constructions. The horizontal movements of diaphragm walls are usually prevented by horizontal struts. Previously, braced excavation has been investigated by numerical methods in static condition [1–12]. Furthermore, by using empirical and semi-empirical approaches, the behavior of excavations in static mode based on various data from excavations around the world is predicted [13–18]. The present paper is a part of a series of research on braced excavations where seismic behavior and design of diaphragm wall and steel strut were evaluated. It is worth noting that the results of other studies on braced excavation have been previously published by authors, laying out the research background and evolution [12,19]. Madabhushi and Zeng [20] investigated seismic behavior of gravity quay walls numerically and experimentally. They provided new quantitative techniques for absorbing boundaries used in the centrifuge experiments to simulate the free field condition. Caltabiano et al. [21] developed a new solution for the analysis of wall-soil systems based on pseudo-static equilibrium. Gazetas et al.