دانلود مقاله تاثیر دوام سازه های بتنی بر پایداری و انعطاف پذیری آب و هوا
خلاصه
معرفی
خواص بتن
پایداری و انعطاف پذیری آب و هوای بتن
چالش های فعلی با ارزیابی تاثیر دوام بر پایداری
توصیه ها و مطالعات آینده
نتیجه
اعلامیه منافع رقابتی
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Concrete properties
Sustainability and climate resiliency of concrete
Current challenges with the assessment of the impact of durability on sustainability
Recommendations and Future Studies
Conclusion
Declaration of Competing Interest
References
چکیده:
خاصیت دوام یک شاخص عملکرد حیاتی بتن در محیط ها و مکان های مختلف است. با این حال، دوام نیز نقشی کلیدی در پایداری و انعطاف‌پذیری سازه‌های بتنی در آب و هوا ایفا می‌کند که عمدتاً در زمینه راه‌های بهبود پایداری مصالح و سازه‌های بتنی نادیده گرفته می‌شود. از این رو، این مقاله با ارائه یک نمای کلی از نقش حیاتی خواص بتن به ویژه دوام در پایداری و انعطاف پذیری سازه های بتنی بر روی این حوزه تمرکز دارد. این مقاله ابتدا یک نمای کلی از مواد بتنی و سپس ارتباط بتن با پایداری و انعطاف پذیری آب و هوا را ارائه می دهد. بحث‌های این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که برای بهبود پایداری بتن، علاوه بر تولید بتن با دوام بهبود یافته برای اطمینان از عملکرد طولانی‌مدت، نیاز به استفاده از مواد با اثرات زیست‌محیطی پایین‌تر در جلو وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر، در صورتی که تاثیر چنین مواد جایگزین کم کربن مورد استفاده برای جایگزینی مواد سنتی در بتن در نظر گرفته نشود، صرفاً کاهش کربن تجسم یافته اولیه مواد برای دستیابی به بتن پایدار کافی نیست. از سوی دیگر، انعطاف‌پذیری سازه‌های بتنی عمدتاً به دوام بهبود یافته بستگی دارد که سازگاری آنها را در طول زمان با تأثیرات شرایط آب و هوایی در حال تغییر حفظ می‌کند. به طور کلی، برای دستیابی به پایداری و انعطاف پذیری آب و هوای سازه های بتنی؛ اثرات زیست محیطی کمتر، عملکرد دوام بالاتر و انعطاف پذیری در برابر شرایط آب و هوایی قابل اجرا باید حاصل شود.
Abstract
Durability property is a critical performance indicator of concrete in different environments and locations. However, durability also plays a key role in the sustainability and climate resiliency of concrete structures which is mostly ignored in the context of ways to improve the sustainability of concrete materials and structures. Hence, this paper aims to bring focus to this area by presenting an overview of the critical role of concrete properties especially durability on the sustainability and climate resiliency of concrete structures. This paper first presents a general overview of concrete materials followed by the connection of concrete to sustainability and climate resiliency. Discussions from this paper indicate that to improve concrete sustainability, there is a need to use materials with lower environmental impacts upfront in addition to producing concrete with improved durability to ensure long-term performance. In other words, merely reducing the upfront embodied carbon of materials is not sufficient to achieve sustainable concrete if the impact of such alternative low-carbon materials used to replace the traditional materials in concrete is not considered. On the other hand, the climate resiliency of concrete structures is mostly dependent on improved durability which would sustain their adaptation over time to the impacts of the changing climate conditions. Overall, to achieve sustainability and climate resilience of concrete structures; lower environmental impact, higher durability performance and resilience to applicable climatic conditions must be achieved.
Introduction
Concrete being the most used construction material in the world can be associated with its outstanding performance coupled with its lower cost and availability of raw materials locally in various parts of the world. Concrete has been used extensively to build various infrastructures ranging from transportation systems, health, residential and commercial buildings, water systems, etc. However, the high production and use of concrete have been found to yield negative environmental impacts on the environment due to its contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consumption of natural resources [1] , [2] .
In contrast to other construction materials, such as steel and glass; concrete has a lower unit embodied carbon as depicted in Fig. 1 which shows the carbon emissions per kilogram of each material. However, the production and use of concrete in large quantities have resulted in the concrete industry being a major contributor to the world’s human-induced GHG emissions. A critical part of concrete responsible for the high GHG emission is the production of portland cement (PC) which is the primary binder in concrete and other cementitious materials. Out of all cementitious materials (i.e. concrete, mortar, grout, etc.), concrete consumes PC the most with an estimated amount of 70% while the other 30% is used for other cementitious materials such as mortar, grout, etc.
Conclusion
This paper presents an overview of various properties, specifically the durability of concrete and how it influences concrete sustainability and climate resiliency. Discussions in this paper show that the durability of concrete is very critical to both concrete sustainability and climate resiliency and a holistic approach needs to be employed. Improving the durability of concrete would result in the reduction or elimination of raw material and energy use for rehabilitation and reconstruction resulting in lower environmental impact thereby enhancing sustainability. Similarly, enhanced durability of concrete would ensure that concrete structures can adapt to the changing climate changes thereby improving its climate resiliency.
Thus, to improve the sustainability and climate resiliency of concrete infrastructures; core attention must be placed on the embodied carbon of the materials and the durability performance rather than the former only. Finally, initiatives to improve concrete sustainability and climate resiliency should be specific geographical zone-based rather than a global approach as the availability of raw materials and climate conditions varies with location.