ارزیابی سازگاری گیاه مانگرو
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Study area
3. Material and methods
4. Results and discussion
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References
Abstract
Islands are threatened by various natural and anthropogenic factors including climate change, overpopulation, unsustainable use of natural resources and increasing trend in seismic events. Therefore, studies on island in specific aspect (ecological, social and economic) is very essential for sustainable resource management and future development. Mangroves are highly important natural resources of coastal regions in respect to coastal livelihood and natural defense. Although, around 46% of the mangrove forest area has vanished worldwide in the last few decades. In this present research, Future Mangrove Suitability Index (FMSI) using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been performed for sustainable forest management under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal no 15. It is a new framework applied on North and Middle Andaman Island to determine the future distribution of mangrove forest. Land-use and land-covers (LULC) are prepared in supervised classification (maximum likelihood algorithm) techniques with 3000 signatures. A total number of fourteen parameters has been used in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) platform to generate future scenarios. Among them, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) projected climatic data (RCP 6.0 scenario shows the best result comparing to 4.5 and 8.5) and projected population data has been used for the first time in the investigated area. The final results are validated using 556 field sample point. Seven major sensitive parameters have been selected from sensitivity analysis and three statistical correlation analysis has been performed using 300 field points to generate the actual correlation between the parameters. The final outcome shows that major unsuitable zones are located in Diglipur tehsil whereas; highest suitable zones are located in Rangat tehsil region which are the result of the continuous increase of sea surface height (1.5 mm observed during 1980e2009), seismic events with frequent storm surges, anthropogenic influences and impact of climate change. Thus a planned sustainable development practice is essential to control the biodiversity loss and future livelihood management. Moreover, this study will strengthen future planning projects and researches in mangrove ecosystem management of Andaman.
Introduction
Sustainable Development (SD) is a complex theme which comprises many individual systems and having multiple definitions. In general, sustainability means “meeting society’s current needs without compromising the future generations ability to meet their own needs.” The three components of sustainability are economic viability, environmental responsibility, and social acceptability (Ghelichkhan et al., 2018). To strengthen SD practice for future development, a total number of seventeen global goals has been fixed in United Nations General Assembly, 2015) (Chow, 2018). The prime focus of these agendas is integrated and balance the triple bottom development (social-economic-environmental) in a socioecological system. Forest management, control biodiversity loss and reserve land degradation (Goal 15) is one of the key aspects in SD goals which is the broad theme of this study. Among them, the mangrove ecosystem, one of the threatened ecosystems found in the transaction region of saline and freshwater environment of tropical and sub-tropical coastal stretches, has a significant impact on SD. Mangrove ecosystem offers a variety of livelihood services namely tourism, fuel-wood, fisheries (Estoque et al., 2018; KirubaSankar et al., 2018) with ecosystem services including the nursing ground of juvenile coral reef. It also works as a nutrient sink in the coastal ecosystem and helps to improve water quality from wastewater outlets and carbon sequestration (Pelegri and Twilley, 1998; Nagelkerken et al., 2000). The root system of Rhizophora species is highly favorable for the prey and predator community due to its structural heterogeneity (Laegdsgaard and Johnson, 2001). Simultaneously, it works as a natural shield from cyclones, storms, tsunamis and other natural phenomena (Alongi, 2008).