مرور مقایسه ای در مورد مبدل های سیستم تبدیل انرژی بادی
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Wind Energy System
3- WECS Topologies and Generators
4- Power Converters
5- Conclusions and Recommendations
Reference
Abstract
Sources of renewable energy such as wind energy are indigenous and can help in decreasing the reliance on non-renewable energy sources. After introducing the history of wind energy production in Egypt and worldwide besides its techno-economic importance, this paper presents a comparative review on the wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The horizontal and vertical types of wind turbines with their mathematical dynamic models are discussed. Different types of electrical generators used in WECS in addition to their advantages and disadvantages are illustrated. The various AC-AC converters topologies for WECS are explained with a detailed discussion for their features.
Introduction
Worldwide energy demand is rapidly expanding due to the continuous economic progress and the power electronic technologies development. Conversely, traditional petroleum derivatives, for example, coal, oil and flammable gas, which have been the key energy source since the industrial revolution, are confronting rapid consumption. Therefore, the mission to create inexhaustible and clean sources of energy from wind, solar and hydrogen energy becomes more convenient. Among these numerous sustainable assets, wind energy encourages business prospects in substantial power in favor of its safe and naturally sustainable behavior, zero emission, competitive and inexhaustible nature [1, 2]. In 2018, wind energy provides around 5% of the total energy consumption of the world [3]. It is anticipated that energy from wind will be about (20 % and 35%) of the total world's energy in (2030 and 2050) respectively [4]. The worldwide wind energy production has reached 690.8 GW in 2018 from around 19057 wind farms and Europe had the first place with 259 GW and 13290 wind farms [6]. Figure 1(a) depicts the global wind power production in the last two decades in 2018[5]. Production of wind power for the top five countries across the world in 2018 is illustrated in Figure 1(b). China has the highest wind production in the world with 123.805 GW [5]. The USA provides the highest wind power in Americas and the second in the world with 98.94 GW [7]. Germany is the highest in Europe and the third in the world with 52.828 GW. Africa has the lower wind energy production in the world continents with 5.7 GW with 87 wind farms as depicted in Figure 1(c) [5]. Wind power in South Africa is the highest in Africa with 2295 MW [5]. Egypt has the third place and produces around 810 MW of wind energy and the potential of this production is expected to reach (1500 MW and 2500 MW) in (2030 and 2050) respectively [5]. The electrical power generation from wind energy in Egypt started in 1997 by 6 MW and increased gradually as shown in Figure 1(d) to reach 810 MW in 2018 [5]. In onshore, the blowing wind from the sea to land is usually less than perfect. In addition to, the tendency of waves increases and short period swell is created [8]. Therefore, there is an increased interest for offshore wind, as the breeze is regularly more grounded and more uniform in surface of ocean than aground and the expected generated power from the planned offshore is 143.36 GW [9]. European nations are the pioneers in offshore wind. For around 20 years, Denmark has been using it to supply power. Offshore wind in the USA and similar nations can possibly turn into a noteworthy energy hotspot for household applications as waterfront wind sources are plenty [10].