دانلود مقاله سیستم های tabletop لمسی و محسوس مبتنی بر RFID
چکیده
مقدمه
پیش زمینه
سوال تحقیق و طرح مطالعه
نتایج
بحث
نتیجه گیری و دیدگاه ها
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Research question and study design
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and perspectives
References
چکیده
ربات ها در بسیاری از حوزه های زندگی روزمره ما روز به روز بیشتر حضور دارند. کاربرد آنها شامل صنعت، اتوماسیون خانگی، اکتشاف فضا و عملیات نظامی می شود. ربات ها همچنین می توانند در موقعیت های مدیریت بحران استفاده شوند، جایی که دسترسی به آن غیرممکن است یا فرستادن انسان به منطقه مداخله خطرناک است. کار حاضر عملکرد کاربران را در رابط های کاربری محسوس و لمسی، برای یک برنامه مدیریت بحران روی میز مقایسه می کند. وظیفه مورد مطالعه شامل کنترل از راه دور ربات ها در یک منطقه فاجعه / مداخله شبیه سازی شده با استفاده از یک میز مجهز به لایه ای از آنتن های RFID، با جابجایی ربات های کوچک روی سطح آن است که با وضعیت روبات های واقعی روی زمین مطابقت دارد. واقعیت دوگانه یک نقشه برداری دقیق و به روز بین ربات های واقعی و ربات های کوچک روی سطح میز را اعمال می کند. یافته‌های ما نشان می‌دهد که تعامل ملموس از تعامل لمسی در اثربخشی، کارایی و قابلیت استفاده در کنترل از راه دور یک و دو روبات بهتر است. تنها زمانی که کاربر یک ربات را دستکاری می کند، بعد کارایی بین تعامل ملموس و لمسی بدون تغییر باقی می ماند. نتایج همچنین نشان می‌دهد که تکنیک تعامل ملموس بار کاری کاربران را به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش نمی‌دهد. ما در نهایت یک مصاحبه پس از آزمایش و نتایج پرسشنامه را نشان می‌دهیم و رضایت کلی شرکت‌کنندگان و موافقت آنها را در مورد استفاده از اشیاء ملموس روی میز ارزیابی می‌کنیم.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Robots are becoming more and more present in many domains of our daily lives. Their usage encompasses industry, home automation, space exploration, and military operations. Robots can also be used in crisis management situations, where it is impossible to access or dangerous to send humans into the intervention area. The present work compares users’ performances on tangible and on touch user interfaces, for a crisis management application on tabletop. The studied task consists of remotely controlling robots in a simulated disaster/intervention area using a tabletop equipped with a layer of RFID antennas, by displacing mini-robots on its surface matching the situation of the real robots on the ground. Dual reality enforces an accurate and up-to-date mapping between the real robots and the mini robots on the tabletop surface. Our findings show that tangible interaction outperforms touch interaction in effectiveness, efficiency and usability, in a task of remote control of one and two robots; only when the user manipulates a single robot remains the efficiency dimension unchanged between tangible and touch interaction. Results also show that tangible interaction technique does not significantly lower the users’ workload. We finally expose a post-experiment interview and questionnaire results, assessing the participants’ overall satisfaction and agreement on using tangible objects on a tabletop.
Introduction
Recently robots are increasingly helping humans achieve and complete difficult tasks, across a wide range of usages and particularly in hostile environments [1–4]. They assist firefighters and rescuers in their duties, as current technologies permit remote control, visualization, and monitoring of their environment. Crisis management might require to explore an uncertain or dangerous environment such as a nuclear disaster site or a collapsed building. In such environment, it is dangerous for humans to interfere and robots can prove useful. Therefore, researchers have developed several applications and methods to remotely control mobile robots, using joysticks like in [5] or using computer mouse like for instance in [6–8]. The intervention area’s plan/map is often known and available for persons intervening, i.e. firefighters or rescuers, and is used to better locate the robots while moving in and exploring the area. In this context, using a tabletop offers a small-scaled bird’s-eye view on the intervention area; mini graphical or physical robots can be placed on the tabletop surface to represent the real robots, and hence establish a virtual counterpart of the intervention area. A network mapping is needed for communication, which could be via Wi-Fi, xBee like in [6–8], or other wireless communications. Our main contribution in this work consists of comparing tangible and touch interaction techniques on tabletop, in a dual reality setup as defined in [9,10], for tasks of remotely moving robots and exploring a disaster zone. First we present a study which measures users’ performances. Then we provide results in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and usability. We also highlight the differences between these two interaction techniques and we compare them on each metric of the ISO/IEC 9126-4 norm.
Conclusion and perspectives
We have presented in this work a study comparing users’ performances on touch and tangible user interfaces, using an application dedicated to crisis management on a RFIDbased tabletop interactive display. The application remotely controls robots using a tabletop in a dual reality setup. The application is implemented on tangible and touch user interfaces, and we relied on it to assess both tangible and touch interaction techniques. We have shown how tangible interaction outperforms touch interaction in effectiveness and efficiency for remote robots control as soon as users interact with more than one robot. Tangible interaction also performed better in usability, which is part of satisfaction assessment. As for workload, the study could not highlight any statistical difference between the two interaction techniques. In summary, this work shows that tangible interaction is better than touch interaction, in terms of rapidity, usability, effectiveness and efficiency, when interacting with both hands simultaneously.