دانلود مقاله ادراکات جامعه از تاثیرات توسعه اکوتوریسم در فلات مرکزی اتیوپی
چکیده
مقدمه
حوزه و روش مطالعه
نتایج
بحث
نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Study area and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and recommendations
References
چکیده
مطالعات علمی هماهنگ کننده حفاظت از تنوع زیستی، توسعه اکوتوریسم و معیشت محلی در مناطق دارای مواهب طبیعی اهمیت قابل توجهی در رفاه جامعه دارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی درک جامعه محلی از تأثیرات انجمن اکوتوریسم وانچی (WETA) و آزمون رابطه بین این ادراک و برخی از متغیرهای پیش‌بینی‌کننده اجتماعی-دموگرافیک بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از نظرسنجی‌های خانگی، بحث‌های گروهی متمرکز، مصاحبه‌های خبر چین کلیدی، مشاهدات میدانی و تجزیه و تحلیل اسناد جمع‌آوری شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری ساده، مانند آمار توصیفی، جدول‌های متقابل، مجموعه‌های پاسخ چندگانه و آزمون‌های مجذور برای تجزیه و تحلیل ویژگی‌های اجتماعی-دموگرافیک و نظرات در مورد توسعه اکوتوریسم استفاده شد. رگرسیون لجستیک چند جمله ای برای تجزیه و تحلیل ادراکات جامعه محلی نسبت به اثرات اکوتوریسم با استفاده از متغیرهای اجتماعی - جمعیت شناختی به عنوان پیش بینی کننده های پاسخگویی جامعه استفاده شد. اطلاعات غیرقابل سنجش با استفاده از توصیفات کیفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. شواهد کافی برای حمایت ساکنین بالا از توسعه اکوتوریسم و درک تأثیرات مثبت آن وجود داشت، در حالی که مشارکت جامعه محدود، منافع اقتصادی کمتر، و تقسیم ناعادلانه درآمدهای حاصل از WETA وجود داشت. بررسی در توزیع پاسخ های ادراک مشاهده شده و مورد انتظار در مورد اثرات اکوتوریسم تفاوت های آماری معنی داری را نشان داد. ( = 110.833 , df - 3, p = 0.000 x2). رگرسیون لجستیک چند جمله ای نشان داد که متغیرهای سطح تحصیلات، مدت اقامت در چشم انداز مورد مطالعه، مزیت اکوتوریسم و محل سکونت از مرکز جذب اکوتوریسم با ادراک پاسخ دهندگان نسبت به اثرات اکوتوریسم ارتباط معناداری دارد. این مطالعه از نظریه تبادل اجتماعی حمایت می‌کند، به این معنا کسانی که از اکوتوریسم سود می‌برند، مشاهده کردند، و بنابراین احتمال بیشتری برای داشتن نگرش مثبت در مورد اکوتوریسم وجود دارد.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Scientific studies harmonizing biodiversity conservation, ecotourism development, and local livelihoods in areas of natural endowments have significant importance in the welfare of society. The objective of this study was to investigate the local community’s perception of the impacts of the Wanchi Ecotourism Association (WETA) and test the relationship between these perceptions and some socio-demographic predictor variables based on the social exchange theory. Data was collected using household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Simple statistical analysis, such as descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, multiple response sets, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics and opinions on ecotourism development. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the local community’s perceptions towards the impacts of ecotourism using socio-demographic variables as predictors of the community responsiveness, based on the social exchange theory. The non-quantifiable information was analyzed using qualitative descriptions. There was enough evidence for the high resident's support for ecotourism development and perceptions of its positive impacts, while there was limited community participation, less economic benefit, and inequitable sharing of the revenues generated from WETA. The examination in the distribution of observed and expected perception responses on the impacts of ecotourism showed statistically significant differences (χ2 = 110.833, df = 3, P = 0.000). The multinomial logistic regression revealed that the variables of educational level, duration of stay in the study landscape, ecotourism benefit, and place of residence from the ecotourism attraction center have a significant association with respondents’ perception toward impacts of ecotourism. The study supported the social exchange theory, in that those who benefited from ecotourism viewed it as a development preference, and so are more likely to have positive attitudes concerning ecotourism.
Introduction
The term ecotourism developed in the late 1980s as a direct consequence of the world's recognition of sustainable development and global environmental practices (Diamantis, 1999). Since its inception, ecotourism has gained adequate attention in academic circles and policy-makers as it balances between conservation and development by creating synergistic relationships among natural landscapes, local residents, and the tourism industry (Zacarias and Loyola, 2017). It offers an opportunity to develop products that can contribute to socio-economic development, local livelihood improvement, and visitor experience while safeguarding local culture and maintaining the natural state of biodiversity and ecosystem services (Christ et al., 2003; ECA, 2011; Admasu, 2020). Since ecotourism-based livelihoods are given opportunities to benefit directly from nature, they presumably have an incentive to stop external threats to biodiversity (Torquebiau and Taylor, 2009; Lapeyre, 2010; Mbaiwa and Stronza, 2010).
Conclusion and recommendations
Ecotourism development that is not properly planned, effectively implemented, and community-centered in terms of management, decision-making, and benefit-sharing mechanisms, may create downturns to the sustainability of the local environment and to the living conditions of local residents. Studies of local resident's perception of the impacts of ecotourism are useful in setting up strategies that seek to minimize the negative environmental and socio-cultural footprints of ecotourism and enhance its positive contribution. It offers also many opportunities in ecological conservation, and landscape maintenance while realizing sustainable local development strategies. Indeed, this study investigated the local community's perception toward ecotourism impacts at Lake Wanchi and its adjacent landscapes, central highlands of Ethiopia. In the study area, there were enough evidence to conclude there was a positive relationship between supports for ecotourism development and perceptions of its positive impacts by the local community. Nonetheless, it was detected that there was limited community participation, less economic benefit, and inequitable sharing of the revenues generated from the ecotourism development in the study area. However, in order for ecotourism to be sustainable and contribute to maintaining the landscape and improving local livelihoods more of the economic benefits of ecotourism should be allocated to the local people by empowering them to benefit from the income generated and economic diversification.