استفاده از نانوذرات نئودیمیم وانادات برای افزایش تصفیه آب فتوکاتالیتی
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Experimental
3- Result and discussion
4- Conclusion
References
Abstract
Neodymium Vanadate (NdVO4) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a modified solid state method in the presence of ligand. These nanoparticles were further used as a photocatalyst. Primarily the best structural formations and smallest crystallite sizes of the systems were identified and optimized by changing the calcination time, calcination temperature and molar ratio of the ligand. The cationic (Methyl Violet (MV)), and anionic (Eosin Y (EY) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT)) dyes were used as a model to evaluate the photoactivity under UV–Vis irradiation. Several operational factors were examined to improve the photocatalytic efficiency include type of dye, type of light source, pH and dye concentration. As a result, the best efficiency in 5 ppm Eriochorome Black T at pH = 11 was achieved in the presence of 0.05 g NdVO4 nanocatalysts.
Introduction
The organic dyes (cationic and anionic dyes) are one of the most important environmental pollutants that are used in various industries such as textile, paper printing and pulp, rubber, plastics, leather, cosmetics, etc (Şahin et al., 2013; Elijah and Nwabanne, 2014). Aquatic environmental deterioration is a serious issue due to rapid urbanization and economic development; hence, the reductions of the hazardous contaminants from waste water are urgently required. Electroactive nanocatalysts are recently achieved a great attention in order to remove colorants from aquatic environments. Mx - orthovanadates (M: Na, Ca, Ba, Sc, Er, Nd …) are the inorganic compounds which consider for this application (Mahapatra et al., 2007). Among these compounds, neodymium vanadate is an important category of rare earth (RE) orthovanadates that has been synthesized by various techniques such as hydrothermal (Wu et al., 2005), solid-state reaction (Errandonea et al., 2014), sonochemical (Monsef et al., 2018), precipitation (Vosoughifar, 2016), sol-gel (Au et al., 1996) and microwave (Mahapatra et al., 2008a). NdVO4 powders are renowned as promising materials in photocatalytic, electrical, catalytic, laser, photoluminescence, optic, phosphors, polarizer properties (Mahapatra et al., 2008b; Yuvaraj et al., 2014; Selvan et al., 2009; Yao et al., 2010; Verma et al., 2016; Deng et al., 2008; Nguyen et al., 1997). Rare earth orthovanadates, especially in nanosized state, are highly promising for biomedical applications due to their high stability and nontoxicity (Lyadov and Kurilkin, 2016).