بحران های زنجیره تأمین عمده
Abstract
1-Introduction
2-Methodology
3-Analysis
4-Discussion
5-Conclusions
References
Abstract
Recent market trends, such as outsourcing and globalization, have made supply chains more exposed to disruptive external incidents, such as catastrophic man made events and natural disasters. Globalization favors the expansion of the supply chain across national borders; a fact that can transform even much smaller incidents to organizational crises (Manuj & Mentzer, 2008). More and more, stakeholders are being implicated in contemporary supply chains and when a crisis occurs it has to be faced timely, otherwise the consequences can get out of proportions (Randall & Farris, 2009). Lately, organizations try to make proactive planning to enhance decision making in the time of a crisis, but still no specific guidelines, either from literature or practitioners, exist about supply chain crisis management (Hittle & Leonard, 2011). In this paper, we try to identify specific processes and practices that make enterprises successfully confront supply chain crises or drive them to failure by studying major crises incidents as reported in the literature. In doing so, indicative case studies are studied and the business practices are examined, analyzed and discussed.
Introduction
Today’s unstable society is facing more and more unforeseen catastrophic events; be it natural disasters, such as the more recent Nepal earthquake, the Haiyan typhoon in Philippines (Ntalla & Ponis, 2014), or man-made disasters, such as the Gaza war taking place, which have increased the need for companies to confront them, while at the same time preserve their economic stability (Kahraman, 2008), safeguard their corporate reputation (Koronis & Ponis, 2012) and remain knowledgeable (Ponis & Koronis, 2012a) and resilient (Ponis & Koronis, 2012b). Definitions of crisis are present in the literature and vary extensively depending on the scientific field of origin. Crisis may be used to describe the urgency for response due to a specific incident or a simple change in certain facts (Rongier et al., 2012). More often, crises refer to man-made incidents and the term disaster is used to describe natural phenomena (Mukhopadhyay, 2005). The impacts of crises and disasters are usually considered as catastrophic and affect fundamental structures of a certain system. If the consequences are indeed harsh, urgent and crucial decisions have to be taken (Rosenthal & Charles, 1989). In this paper both terms are used interchangeably and initial definitions are provided in the text that follows.