دانلود مقاله ایجاد شایستگی های رهبری و مدیریت تیم های ملی ایمن سازی
چکیده
1. مقدمه
2. روش ها
3. نتایج
4. بحث
5. نتیجه گیری
اعلامیه منافع رقابتی
سپاسگزاریها
ضمیمه A. مواد تکمیلی
منابع
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Declaration of Competing Interest
Acknowledgements
Appendix A. Supplementary material
References
چکیده
زمینه
تقویت شایستگی‌های رهبری و مدیریت در میان تیم‌های برنامه ملی ایمن‌سازی (EPI) برای دستیابی به اهداف جهانی ایمن‌سازی و سایر اهداف توسعه پایدار حیاتی خواهد بود. با این حال، شواهد تجربی کمی از اثربخشی سرمایه‌گذاری در ظرفیت رهبری و مدیریت در زمینه برنامه‌های ملی EPI وجود دارد. بنابراین، ما به دنبال ارزیابی برنامه رهبری و مدیریت EPI (EPI LAMP)، یک برنامه گواهینامه نه ماهه برای تیم‌های EPI در وزارتخانه‌های ملی بهداشت از کشورهای دارای اولویت Gavi در آفریقا و آسیای انگلیسی زبان و فرانسه زبان بودیم.
مواد و روش ها
ما از یک ارزیابی طولی ترکیبی برای توصیف EPI LAMP در چهار سطح استفاده کردیم: (1) پاسخ شرکت‌کنندگان به تجربه آموزشی بر اساس سوابق مدیریت برنامه و نظرسنجی‌های رضایت. (2) تغییر در مهارت مدیریت و رهبری بر اساس بررسی شایستگی و مصاحبه خروج. (3) تغییر در رفتار در محل کار بر اساس مصاحبه خروج. و (4) تأثیر آموزش بر عملکرد برنامه EPI بر اساس نتایج پروژه رهبری هر نماینده.
نتایج
در سه گروه اول، این برنامه 16 کشور (63 شرکت کننده) را درگیر کرد و به نرخ فارغ التحصیلی 86 درصد (54 فارغ التحصیل) دست یافت. شرکت‌کنندگان بهبود قابل‌توجهی در شایستگی‌های مدیریت و رهبری در هشت حوزه نشان دادند که بیشترین بهبود در حوزه حکمرانی و رهبری مشاهده شد. زنان افزایش بیشتری نسبت به مردان نشان دادند، به ویژه در حوزه مدیریت عملیات و حمایت سیاسی و گفتگو. ما تفاوتی در دستاوردهای نمایندگان فرانسوی زبان در مقایسه با شرکت کنندگان انگلیسی زبان مشاهده نکردیم. پروژه های موفقیت آمیز توسعه یافته توسط هر تیم، عملکرد برنامه EPI را بهبود می بخشد، همانطور که با معیارهای خاص برای هر پروژه اندازه گیری می شود.
بحث
نتایج ما نشان می‌دهد که برنامه‌های رهبری مبتنی بر تیم می‌توانند بهبودهایی را در عملکرد مدیریت، همکاری، و حل مشکلات ایجاد کنند، و مشارکت در سیاست‌های گسترده‌تر و زمینه سازمانی برای تقویت ظرفیت تفکر سیستمی مورد نیاز برای رسیدگی به چالش‌های پیچیده و بهبود عملکرد سیستم مورد نیاز است.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Background
Strengthening leadership and management competencies among national Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) teams will be critical to achieving global immunization targets and other sustainable developmental goals. However, there is little empirical evidence of the effectiveness of investments in leadership and management capacity in the context of national EPI programs. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the EPI Leadership and Management Programme (EPI LAMP), a nine-month certificate program for EPI teams in national Ministries of Health from Gavi priority countries in Anglophone and Francophone Africa and Asia.
Methods
We used a mixed-methods longitudinal evaluation to describe EPI LAMP at four levels: (1) participant response to the training experience based on program administration records and satisfaction surveys; (2) change in management and leadership skill based on competency surveys and exit interviews; (3) change in behavior in the workplace based on exit interviews; and (4) impact of the training on EPI program performance based on the results of each delegate’s leadership project.
Results
In the first three cohorts, the programme engaged 16 countries (63 participants) and achieved an 86% graduation rate (54 alumni). Participants demonstrated significant improvement in management and leadership competencies across eight domains with the largest improvement observed in the domain of governance and leadership. Women showed greater increases than men, especially in the domains of Operations Management and Political Advocacy and Dialogue. We observed no difference in the gains made by French-speaking delegates compared to English-speaking participants. Breakthrough projects developed by each team improved EPI program performance, as measured by metrics specific to each project.
Discussion
Our results show that team-based leadership programs can foster improvements in management practice, collaboration, and problem-solving, and that engagement the broader policy and organizational context is needed to foster the systems thinking capacity required to address complex challenges and improve system performance.
Introduction
Immunization is one of the most cost-effective investments in global health [1], and reaching every child with immunization is the major strategic goal of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Despite significant increase in vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), 14 million children were not reached by routine immunization in 2019 [2]. EPI programs must adapt and evolve to address complexities such as reaching zero- dose children, reaching children in conflict settings and other humanitarian crises, managing an increasingly complex portfolio of routine immunizations, overcoming weaknesses in primary health care systems, and, more recently, ensuring continuity of services in light of COVID-19. Strengthening leadership and management competencies [3], [4] among national EPI teams will be critical to achieving global immunization targets and other sustainable development goals [5], [6], [7].
In response, Gavi has developed a small but strategic portfolio of investments in leadership and management to support EPI program performance. Drawing on literature from primary health systems strengthening more broadly, leadership and management is associated with better health systems performance in LMIC settings [8], and can be improved through practical approaches to education and mentorship for healthcare professionals at all levels of the health system [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. Leadership and management trainings conducted at the facility level have been linked with the reduction of wait times and patient crowdedness in hospitals in Egypt [13] and the increase in the number of women receiving counseling during antenatal care in Cameroon [14]. At the district level, a number of studies [8], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19] reported the impact of management and leadership training on primary care system performance. However, there is little empirical evidence of the effectiveness of investments in leadership and management capacity in the context of national EPI programs.
Conclusion
Strengthening leadership and management competencies among national EPI teams will be critical to achieving global immunization targets and other sustainable developmental goals, and can be significantly improved through participation in a team-based program customized to meet the needs of immunization professionals across Gavi-eligible countries. Programs that foster development of a cross-country learning community, engage multiple levels of hierarchy, and equip teams to address complex adaptive challenges are likely to be superior to brief training programs focused on individual participants. The results of this study may be useful to educators, practitioners, and government officials seeking to strengthen EPI programme performance, as well as policymakers and global partners seeking to invest in evidence-based management and leadership development models.