نقشه توسعه قانون حفاظت از اطلاعات چین
خلاصه
1. مقدمه
2. مقدمات: رابطه قدرت و بازیگران اصلی
3. تعریف و تأمین ارزشهای اساسی
4. تغییر پویایی قدرت و مسیرهای آینده
5. نتیجه گیری
اعلامیه منافع رقابتی
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Preliminaries: power relation and major actors
3. Defining and securing fundamental values
4. Shifting power dynamics and future paths
5. Conclusion
Declaration of Competing Interest
Abstract
This Article seeks to map the possible paths of the development of China's data protection law by examining the changing power relations among three major actors - the State, digital enterprises and the public in the context of China's booming data-driven economy. We argue that focusing on different core values, these three major actors are the key driving forces shaping China's data protection regime. Their dynamic and multidimensional power relations have been casting the development of China's data protection law with various uncertainties. When persuing different, yet not always conflicting values, these three major actors may both cooperate and compete with each other. Based on our careful analysis of the shifting power relations, we identify and assess three possible paths of the development of China's data protection law. We are much concerned that the proposed comprehensive data protection law might be a new attempt of the State to win legitimacy abroad, while actually trying to reinforce massive surveillance besides economic goals. We argue that a modest alternative may be that this law might show some genuine efforts for protecting data privacy, but still with poor enforcement. Last, we argue that the most desirable development would be that this law could provide basic but meaningful and effective protection for data privacy, and lay a good foundation for further development.
1. Introduction
On April 10 and April 11, 2018, Mark Zuckerberg testified before the U.S. Congress. He argued that strictly regulating U.S companies’ use of personal data would cause U.S. companies to fall behind Chinese companies when it comes to dataintensive innovation like artificial intelligence.1 His concern is that Chinese companies are not constrained by stringent data protection regulation and will gain an edge.2 Zuckerberg’s argument partially reveals that China’s weak personal data protection has allowed Chinese digital giants to achieve spectacular developments in past years. However, his argument is rather stereotyped, overlooking the complexity of the multilayered development of China’s data protection law, and thus largely overlooking the considerable progress of China’s data protection law.