مقاله انگلیسی شیوع پارکینسونیسم و بیماری پارکینسون در جمعیت شهری و روستایی
Keywords
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Data sharing statement
Declaration of interests
Acknowledgments
Appendix. Supplementary materials
References
Introduction
The upcoming demographic shifts toward older populations have led efforts to estimate the expected healthcare burden for the coming decades, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases for which incidence rises considerably with age, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).1,2 Neurological disorders are now among the leading cause of disability globally.3 Among those, PD is the most common movement disorder, aside from essential tremor, and the second most common neurodegenerative disease after AD.4,5 Because of the global impact of PD, many epidemiological studies have been conducted worldwide over the past few decades.6 The overwhelming majority of the epidemiological studies in PD have been carried out in high-income countries (HIC). However, there is limited data from large population studies in low and middleincome countries (LMIC) available for consideration.7 Population aging is affecting LMIC countries at a faster rate than HIC, especially those in Latin America (LatAm). The demographic change in LatAm is accompanied by a health transition being driven by changes in habits and lifestyles, where non-communicable diseases, such as PD and AD, are becoming the primary cause of morbidity and disability. Therefore, determining PD prevalence and risk factors is particularly relevant for public health planning in LatAm.8 One of the great challenges in studying the epidemiology of PD is the relatively low frequency and the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis. In addition, prevalence estimates vary widely across studies and countries.9 Age-adjusted PD prevalence appears to be lower in Africa than in Europe and North America,10,11 whereas the prevalence in Asia is similar to that in Europe andNorth America,12,13 with relatively few population-based studies in LatAm. However, differences in methodology and diagnostic criteria hampers the interpretation of this geographic variation. These factors, along with the absence of populationbased disease registries, have significantly contributed to the gap in knowledge about the epidemiologic characteristics of PD in LatAm countries. This fact encouraged us to estimate the prevalence of parkinsonism and PD in older populations from Latin America. To the best of our knowledge, studies on the prevalence of parkinsonism (a motor syndrome that manifests as rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia) and PD (a primary degenerative disease of the brain) are scarce in Latin America, with only six published studies on this topic (Uruguay, Argentina, Cuba, Bolivia, Brazil, and Colombia).