مقاله انگلیسی تأثیر حاد و مداوم COVID-19 بر مسیرهای افسردگی نوجوانان
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Contributors
Declaration of Competing Interest
Acknowledgments
Appendix. Supplementary materials
References
ABSTRACT
Background: The COVID-19 era is a time of unprecedented stress, and there is widespread concern regarding its short- and long-term mental health impact. Adolescence is a sensitive period for the emergence of latent psychopathology vulnerabilities, often activated by environmental stressors. The present study examined COVID19′ s impact on adolescent depression and possible influences of different domains of social connectedness (loneliness, social media use, social video game time, degree of social activity participation). Methods: A community sample of 175 adolescents (51% boys, mean age = 16.01 years) completed questionnaires once before and twice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Piecewise growth modeling examined the acute (7 weeks) and persistent (8 months) effects of COVID-19 on depressive symptoms, and differences across sex and social connectedness. Results: Significant increases in depressive symptoms followed pandemic onset for boys and girls. However, this increase was earlier and more pronounced among girls than boys, whose depression only increased significantly during the persistent period and to a lesser degree. Trajectories of depression were influenced by loneliness and social connections. Limitations: Most participants had economic stability and minimal exposure to the virus. Exacerbation of depressive symptoms may be more severe in higher risk populations. Conclusions: Adolescent depression levels have increased during COVID-19, and are higher for girls and those who are lonely. Enhanced screening and management for adolescent depression and social connectedness could play a critical role in mitigating the negative mental health fallout of COVID-19 and future pandemics within this population.
Introduction
Considered the most serious global public health crisis since the 1918 influenza pandemic, COVID-19 has infected over 231 million people at the time of this study (October 2021), 4.7 million of whom have died (WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, 2021). Experts warn that without fundamental changes to the ways in which humans interact with their environment, the future will bring more frequent, contagious, and lethal pandemics (UN News, 2020). There is widespread concern among health professionals and the general public about the mental health impact of the virus and associated stressors (e.g., illness and death of oneself or loved ones, unemployment and financial insecurity, disrupted everyday life).