مقاله انگلیسی آنالیز رقابت پذیری صنعت گردشگری در زمینه بهبود اقتصادی پس از COVID-19
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Competitiveness as a vaccine for the crisis of the tourism industry
Methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Declaration of Competing Interest
References
ABSTRACT
Business activities within the tourism industry are especially suffering from the consequences of the COVID19 pandemic. Those countries whose economy depends largely on tourism will experience a troublesome situation for years to come. Their return to a normal situation will be conditioned by the competitiveness of their tourism sector. The study begins by pinpointing the countries that have been more hardly stricken by the pandemic and in which tourism accounts for a greater share of the GDP. A comparative analysis of the competitiveness of these countries with that of world-leading countries will be carried out so as to conclude which will face the recovery period in a more vulnerable situation. The measurement of tourism competitiveness will be supported by the creation of a synthetic indicator based on the P2 distance method. A group of 13 countries has been identified as the most vulnerable, and it is advisable to act urgently in the following areas: the promotion of cultural elements and the historical and artistic heritage, the protection of natural areas, the availability of information and communication technologies, the international openness of the destination, and the availability of transportation infrastructures and tourist services.
Introduction
COVID-19 was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 12, 2020. This pandemic has had significant impacts on the global economy, as a result of the containment measures adopted (Sigala, 2020). One of the most affected sectors has been tourism, at the end of December 2020 it was confirmed that international tourist arrivals fell by 72% in the first ten months of 2020 (UNWTO, 2020). The tourism industry has traditionally been highly sensitive to socio-economic, political and environmental risks, yet it is also a very resilient industry (Novelli, Gussing, Jones and Ritchie, 2018; Jim´enez, Martín and Montero, 2014). It is true that, in recent decades, the tourism industry has faced several crises —terrorism, earthquakes, Ebola, SARS, Zika— but it is understood to some extent that the current crisis is not comparable to those mentioned. The reason behind this is that, in previous pandemics, mass tourism was not developed in the way it is today and it was not until the 1960s that it became a global phenomenon (Menegaki, 2020). Additionally, a number of health crises that have affected the tourism industry in recent years, such as SARS, did not develop into a pandemic (Chen, Jang and Kim, 2007; Henderson and Ng, 2004).