مقاله انگلیسی توسعه آموزش بصری مسواک زدن برای کودکان مبتلا به اختلال اوتیسم
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Participants and Procedure
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Abstract
Visual pedagogy and social stories have been widely used to assist children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in learning various skills. A toothbrushing visual pedagogy (TBVP) was developed adapting existing toothbrushing social stories for children with ASD. This TBVP consists of 13 toothbrushing steps with scripts describing the toothbrushing technique. To evaluate its feasibility, a review panel was formed to provide feedback on the TBVP and three other published toothbrushing social stories. Efectiveness of the TBVP was further evaluated among 119 preschool children with ASD with signifcant improvements in toothbrushing skills observed at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. It is concluded that TBVP is a feasible and an efective educational means that assists children with ASD in learning toothbrushing skills.
Introduction
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a spectrum of disorders afecting social and communication skills of individuals, with typical onsets in early childhood, which may or may not carry on to adulthood, depending on severity of the condition and responses to therapeutic intervention (Johnson & Myers, 2007; Lord et al. 2000). Impairments in children with ASD not only afect their social and communication skills but also the cognitive functions (Geschwind & Levitt, 2007; Happé & Frith, 2006). Therefore, a majority of children with ASD have difculties in learning the basic self-caring skills compared with their typically developing peers (Jasmin et al. 2009; Provost et al. 2009; Tomchek & Dunn, 2007). Oral health is an integral part of the general health of children with ASD. It has been reported that oral health is a strong predictor of the health-related quality of life for children with ASD (Du et al. 2019; Pani et al. 2013). Children with ASD are often more likely to have oral health issues such as dental caries and gingivitis, which have been attributed to their inadequacy in oral hygiene practices (Chan et al. 2014; El Khatib et al. 2014; Lam et al. 2020). Toothbrushing has been shown efective in maintenance of good oral hygiene, thereby reducing caries and periodontal diseases (Attin & Hornecker, 2005; Kang et al. 2008; Seow et al. 2003).