شواهدی از پاکستان در مورد جهانی سازی و روابط محیط کاری
ترجمه نشده

شواهدی از پاکستان در مورد جهانی سازی و روابط محیط کاری

عنوان فارسی مقاله: جهانی سازی و روابط محیط کاری: شواهدی از پاکستان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله: Globalization and Working Environment Nexus: Evidence From Pakistan
مجله/کنفرانس: Sage Open
رشته های تحصیلی مرتبط: مدیریت، اقتصاد
گرایش های تحصیلی مرتبط: مدیریت کسب و کار، مدیریت بازرگانی، بازرگانی بین الملل
کلمات کلیدی فارسی: شرایط کاری، بخش نساجی و پوشاک، ترتیب چند فیبری، تجزیه و تحلیل رویداد، تجزیه و تحلیل نمره گرایش
کلمات کلیدی انگلیسی: working conditions، textile and apparel sector، multi-fiber arrangements، event analysis، propensity score analysis
نوع نگارش مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی (Research Article)
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019852474
دانشگاه: University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
صفحات مقاله انگلیسی: 12
ناشر: سیج - Sage
نوع ارائه مقاله: ژورنال
نوع مقاله: ISI
سال انتشار مقاله: 2019
ایمپکت فاکتور: 0/916 در سال 2018
شاخص H_index: 19 در سال 2019
شاخص SJR: 0/248 در سال 2018
شناسه ISSN: 2158-2440
شاخص Quartile (چارک): Q2 در سال 2018
فرمت مقاله انگلیسی: PDF
وضعیت ترجمه: ترجمه نشده است
قیمت مقاله انگلیسی: رایگان
آیا این مقاله بیس است: خیر
آیا این مقاله مدل مفهومی دارد: ندارد
آیا این مقاله پرسشنامه دارد: ندارد
آیا این مقاله متغیر دارد: دارد
کد محصول: E13008
رفرنس: دارای رفرنس در داخل متن و انتهای مقاله
فهرست مطالب (انگلیسی)

Abstract

Introduction

Literature Review

Theoretical Framework

Background of the Textile and Apparel Sector of Pakistan

Empirical Strategies

Empirical Findings

Conclusion

References

بخشی از مقاله (انگلیسی)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of globalization (defined as phasing-out of the multifiber arrangements [MFA]/agreement on textile and clothing [ATC]) on working conditions of textile and apparel workers in general and female workers in particular in Pakistan. We found that the impact of the elimination of the MFA/ATC on workers of the textile and apparel sector is negative and statistically insignificant. The working conditions of workers in the textile and apparel sector are not different relative to other sectors. The working conditions of females deteriorated as a result of the phasing out of the MFA/ ATC in relation to the male working environment and compared with other industries. Our findings are robust in the sense that the direction of the impact remains the same and statistically significant even after performing sensitivity analysis. We also controlled for provincial heterogeneity, and the results showed minor correction in magnitude but remain negative and statistically significant. We also addressed treatment selection bias by performing propensity score analysis and found similar results.

Introduction

Globalization (or increasing global economic integration) is defined as a reduction in barriers to international flows (i.e., investment, trade, and migration) and a rise in international trade, investment, and migration across borders. These international flows affect workers directly and indirectly in both developed and developing economies. While a chunk of international trade and investment is between developed nations, globalization has expanded drastically in many developing nations. The merchandise trade to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio increased substantially in low- and middle-income economies between 1990 and 2003 based on the World Developed Indicators (WDI) database. Even some economies witnessed big changes in the ratio of trade in goods to their GDP. The world scenario of the textile and apparel trade changed considerably during the agreement on textile and clothing (ATC) and after elimination of the multifiber arrangements (MFA/ ATC). The performance of Asian economies changed significantly after the elimination of the MFA/ATC. The MFA/ ATC’s termination resulted in a dramatic redistribution of the provision of the world apparel production (Lopez-Acevedo & Robertson, 2012; Staritz, 2011). The impact of globalization on working conditions is inconclusive in existing empirical research and only a few studies systematically evaluate this impact either within or across nations (Brown, 2009). However, there is support for the proposition that those workers from industries with small wages and adverse non-monetary environment move to industries with comparatively higher wages and better nonmonetary working environment due to globalization (Jayasuriya, 2008). In reality, how trade liberalization affects working conditions also depends on the existing scenario of the economy. The impact of trade openness varies across industrial units, industries, and economies. The impact of globalization depends on the measure that is used for it, as different measures of globalization have different effects on the economy. Trade theories forecast that free trade will boost the nation’s working environment indirectly by raising its per capita income.