بررسی هایی در اقتصاد
Abstract
1-Introduction
2-Complexity in simplicity of lab experiments
3-Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Abstract
The experiment is one of base approach to scientific work for centuries. However, as Camerer & Loewenstein (2004) mentioned, many economists have long been pessimistic that an experimental approach could offer such vivid illustrations of cause and effect in their field. Difficulties of experimental approach are highly compensated by datasets and we would like to show how to use this experimental approach correctly. For this reason, we introduce the experimental design of our experiment and show some major problems with developing experiment, ways how to solve those problems or avoid the problem. Main theoretical focus of this essay is on paradigm about homo economicus and the ceteris paribus condition in the context of necessarily in economic research. Focus of the experiment part will be put on problematic of too complex experimental design, ways how to avoid that and through that shows also mistakes which could arise with development.
Introduction
In nature sciences, there is long history of using experiments in science work and discovering. In this case it is no surprise – there is no possibility to asks molecules about their experiences through reaction or calculate trajectory of falling object by studying time lines. Nature sciences are made for experimental research simply because there is no other way how to improve the understanding of the problematic. For a long time, economics (or economists) choose other way of science approach – more similar to mathematic. The mainstream economics research focused for a decades to formulate normative theories based on behavioral of homo economicus – perfect rational and logical being with no emotions. This approach with homo economics condition simplify many problematic part of human behavior applied in economic. With this approach we can formulate robust and internally logical structure of microeconomics and macroeconomics with relative ease. Second important condition in whole mainstream economics is ceteris paribus condition. This one says that when we study any changes in economics, we do so with only changes we explicitly define – every other variables stays constant. This often leads to study impact of only one changed variable to several variables, which we choose. That kind of logic has major advantage, which is simple explanation of impacts and also has big pedagogical advantages. Unfortunately, the homo economicus condition and ceteris paribus condition has big problems when they are taken too seriously. Models we can build on those condition lacks reflection of the reality and could generate systematical mistakes in our description of the situation and in our predictions.