بیماران مبتلا به اختلال شخصیت وسواسی-اجباری و حجم هیپوکامپ در آنها
Abstract
1- Introduction
2- Methods
3- Results
4- Discussion
References
Abstract
Objectives
Moving from the point that there might be an association between the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, we decided to examine the volumes of hippocampus and amygdala of patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, which was previously evaluated in OCD patients by us.
Methods
Volumes of the hippocampus, and amygdala were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and healthy control subjects. Manual tracing was used.
Results
We detected that the mean left and right sides of hippocampus and amygdala volumes of the patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were smaller than those of the healthy controls.
Conclusion
Consequently, our present results suggest that hippocampal and amygdalar structural abnormalities may be related to the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. However, it is required novel studies with larger sample.
Introduction
In the classification of psychiatric disorders, personality disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in characterological constitution and behavioral tendencies, usually consisting of several areas of the personality and leading to considerable personal and social problem. On the othre hand, the main clinical characteristics of them are an resistant, pervasive, and inflexible patterns of inner experience and behavior that detach from cultural expectations and lead to distress or impairment. Basically, features of personality disorders appear in late childhood or adolescence and continue in a stable manner in the period of adulthood. Obsessivecompulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has been established in this name in the DSM-IV [1] and DSM-5 [2]. However, it has been named as anankastic personality disorder in the ICD-10 [3]. According to the DSM system, it is an Axis II disorder mainly characterized by perfectionism, preoccupation with orderliness, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. OCPD has been classified under C Cluster Personality Disorders in last version of DSM, DSM 5. Nestadt et al. reported that OCPD had a prevalence rate of 1–2% in general population [4]. In daily clinical practice, we can easily observe that OCPD has discriminative features rather than those of other personality disorders. Grant et al. [5] reported that the OCPD was the most prevalent personality disorder in ourpatient settings. It should be [4] emphasized that growing knowledge leads to the fact that OCPD seems to be a neurocognitive function disorder rather than a personality disorder [6]. Skodol et al. [7] reported patients with OCPD to have less association with functional disability compared to other DSM 5 personality disorders. In clinical practice, it is clear that when mentioning about a personality disorder, particularly B Cluster and then A Cluster ones came in to mind rather than OCPD and other C Cluster personality disorders. We should admit that our knowledge on how to occur personality disorders is limited to psychoanalytical school. In this context, we know a little about the neurobiological and neuroanatomical etiopathogenesis of OCPD. Thus, there is not enough structural and functional neuroimaging study directly related to the OCPD. Payer et al. [8] investigated thirty-seven individuals who implicated personality disorder symptomatology exceeding DSM-IV Axis-II screening thresholds, who were Cluster B (n = 20), from Cluster C (n = 28) and comorbidity of Cluster A and previous both groups (n = 11), and thirty-five age, and gender matched healthy subjects.