تصویربرداری عصبی برای MRI بالینی مغز و اعصاب
Key points
Introduction
Fundamentals and applications of common MRI sequences
Summary
References
Introduction
MRI is central to neurologic diagnosis and treatment planning, with a rich history of innovations drawing on knowledge and insights from clinical neuroscience experts.1–3 Recent advances in physiologic imaging, quantitative methods, informatics, artificial intelligence, and scan-time reduction are yielding more information with which to make early clinical diagnoses, but also resulting in greater complexity and the need for strong multidisciplinary communication among subspecialty professionals. At least a rudimentary technical literacy of MRI is important for all clinicians who regularly refer patients for MRI. Although there are only a few procedure codes to consider when ordering an MRI, there should be an appreciation for the clinical detail required to select from the many MRI scanning protocols, sequences, and parameters that should be tailored precisely to answer the clinical question for that individual patient.4 Furthermore, knowledge of fundamentals enables the ordering provider to ask about the availability of special techniques that may improve conspicuity of suspected pathologic condition, set expectations for the patient experience, and take advantage of readily available images to enhance shared decision making with patients. Ultimately, understanding the language of MRI permits a more successful collaboration between patient care and diagnostic imaging professionals. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of currently available MRI capabilities, and those in the process of becoming mainstream, to help the practicing clinician achieve these goals. A complete didactic is outside of the scope possible within this article, so the reader is advised to consult readily available papers, books, videos, and illustrations for additional detail on MRI techniques5–۹; safety considerations related to contrast use, implanted devices or cosmetics10–13; and appropriate utilization guidelines used by payers and regulatory agencies.