سلامت و توسعه پایدار
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Author statements
Appendix A. Supplementary data
Research Data
References
Abstract
Objectives: United Nations member states agreed Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015. Countries report their progress through Voluntary National Reviews. In this paper, we look at the extent to which the World Health Organisation (WHO) Europe SDG Roadmap (the Roadmap) on Agenda 2030 implementation is reflected in the first 20 Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) submitted from the WHO European region. In particular, we wanted to look at how integrated the three dimensions of sustainable development were, the identification of health co-benefits and potential-added value from the health sector. Study design: This was a semi-quantitative analysis of 20 VNRs using an ordinal scale (no evidence, limited evidence, good evidence). Results are presented as frequency tables by criteria and by country. Methods: We devised an assessment template consisting of 41 criteria based on the nine key areas and a selection of the proposed areas for action in the Roadmap. Each VNR was then assessed and scored against these criteria to produce country-specific and average scores for each of the nine key areas and the 25 measures we selected. Results: Countries generally have good evidence on key areas such as governance, monitoring, leaving no-one behind and multipartner cooperation. They have less evidence on the key areas of health determinants, healthy settings, health literacy and investing for health. Many countries link the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development but not the interplay with the social (health and well-being) dimension. Some countries specifically highlighted commitments to support developing nations but few recognised the impact of domestic policies on planetary boundaries or the health of future generations. Conclusions: We found little evidence that the health sector has had a major strategic influence on actions which affect wider determinants (or health co-benefits). The WHO Europe SDG Roadmap offers a means and an opportunity for redressing this weakness, but this may require health professionals to work within their communities across all three dimensions of sustainable development.
Introduction
Health, well-being and their determinants are at the heart of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development1 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).2 The SDGs are universal, interdependent and require the integration of the environmental, economic and social domains of sustainable development. They are supported by 169 targets and 232 indicators3 with published guidance4 to assist countries in undertaking voluntary national reviews (VNRs). Moreover, 65 countries submitted VNRs in the first two years5 (22 in 2016 and 43 in 2017). The World Health Organisation (WHO) Europe adopted the ‘Roadmap to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ ۶ (the Roadmap) to assist Member States. This identifies nine key areas (five strategic directions and four enablers) with 53 potential measures/actions which could be enacted by European countries. The WHO Roadmap and Agenda 2030 share common themes but couched in different languages. For example, the Roadmap frequently refers to the ‘health-in-all-policies approach’ and using skills from other sectors. Agenda 2030 makes no reference to health in all policies but emphasises commitments to ‘achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions e economic, social and environmental e in a balanced and integrated manner’.