چکیده
مقدمه
پروتکل های مسیریابی MANET
سناریوی کاربردی
نتایج شبیه سازی و بحث
نتیجه
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
MANET routing protocols
Application scenario
Simulation results and discussion
Conclusion
References
چکیده
شبکه حسگر بیسیم (WSN) با چندین حسگر برای گروهبندی اندازهگیریهای کمیتهای فیزیکی یا شرایط محیطی خاص، از جمله صدا، دما، فشار، لرزش، حرکت یا آلودگی در مکانها و محدودههای مختلف استفاده میشود. در WSN ها، چندین پروتکل به موضوع مسیریابی می پردازند. گره های حسگر در WSN معمولا منابع انرژی و ظرفیت ذخیره سازی محدودی دارند. بنابراین موضوع مصرف انرژی در حسگرها و پروتکل ها بسیار مهم است. این مقاله عملکردهای کیفیت خدمات (QoS) سه پروتکل مسیریابی مهم شبکه ad-hoc موبایل (MANET) شامل بردار فاصله بر اساس تقاضا (AODV)، مسیریابی منبع پویا (DSR) و مقصد را تحلیل و مقایسه میکند. بردار فاصله توالی (DSDV)، در یک مطالعه موردی ساختمان هوشمند. معیارهای ارزیابی QoS شامل انرژی باقیمانده گره ها، توان عملیاتی فوری (IT)، توان متوسط (AT)، نسبت تحویل بسته (PDR)، نسبت از دست دادن بسته (PLR) و تأخیر کشف مسیر (RDL) بر اساس IEEE 802.15.4 MAC است. استاندارد پروتکل شبیه سازی با استفاده از NS2 انجام می شود و WSN دارای 16 گره ثابت و 4 گره متحرک با سرعت ها و مسیرهای مختلف است. نتایج شبیه سازی نشان می دهد که میانگین توان در AODV 1.985118 (kbps) است، با این حال، ارقام برای DSR و DSDV به ترتیب 1.977780 و 1.720700 (kbps) است. PDR نیز در DSR برابر با 1.0 است، اما ارقام AODV و DSDV به ترتیب با دامنه 0.999572 و 0.997930 کمتر است. به طور کلی، پروتکل DSR عملکرد بهتری را در مقایسه با پروتکل های مسیریابی AODV و DSDV از نظر PLR و PDR ارائه می دهد. همچنین AODV در RDL و AT کارایی بهتری نسبت به سایر پروتکل های فرضی دارد.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Wireless sensor network (WSN) with several sensors is used to group measurements of certain physical quantities or environmental conditions, including sound, temperature, pressure, vibration, motion, or pollution, at various locations and ranges. In WSNs, several protocols address the issue of routing. Sensor nodes in WSN usually have limited energy resources and storage capacities. Therefore, the issue of energy usage in sensors and protocols is very important. This paper analyzes and compares the quality of service (QoS) performances of three important routing protocols of the mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) including Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), in a smart building case study. The QoS evaluation metrics include residual energy of nodes, instant throughput (IT), average throughput (AT), packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratio (PLR), and route discovery latency (RDL) based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol standard. The simulation is carried out using NS2, and the WSN has 16 fixed and 4 mobility nodes with different speeds and paths. The simulation results illustrate that average throughput in AODV is 1.985118 (kbps), however, the figures for DSR and DSDV are 1.977780 and 1.720700 (kbps), respectively. PDR, also, in DSR stands at 1.0, but the figures for AODV and DSDV are lower with the range of 0.999572 and 0.997930, respectively. Overall, The DSR protocol provides a better performance compared to AODV and DSDV routing protocols in terms of PLR and PDR. Also, AODV has better efficiency in RDL and AT compared to other assumed protocols.
Introduction
Advances in the electronics and telecommunications industry have led to creating sensors with efficient power consumption, tiny size, and affordable price for different applications. These small sensors, which are capable of performing various tasks such as receiving, processing, and sending data via channels, have led to formation an architecture called wireless sensor network (WSN). Information technology (IT), in addition, has become an essential tool in digital systems that requires computing devices, wireless communication technologies, actuators and sensor networks. MANETs are special types of protocols-based networks that are embedded for monitoring and controlling various environmental and communication-based tasks (Cui et al. 2020; Dattatraya and Rao 2019). These networks consist of a large number of small nodes with low power consumption and cost. These nodes (sensors) can receive data from their surroundings and send data to their neighbors by performing a series of operations. So, WSN can act as one of the important structures in these systems.
Conclusion
WSN refers to a group of distributed and location-specific sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the environment and organizing the collected data in a central location. They can transfer their data over the network to a central location. Modern networks are bi-directional and also provide the possibility to control the activity of the sensor. In this article, we presented a detailed comparative assessment of three different routing protocols of MANET including AODV, DSR, and DSDV of WSNs implemented on a building environment to obtain QoS parameters of network and nodes. All in all, the main objectives and contributions of this work can be categorized as follows:
● Optimal routing structures of each protocol and path selection criteria are stated in this paper.
● Based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol standard, a multi-hop simulation scenario has been designed for assessing the network QoS performance.