دانلود مقاله تاثیر انتقال مشروط وجه نقد بر تحصیل و کودکان کار
خلاصه
1. معرفی
2. مکانیسم های نظری برای اثرات سرریز CCT
3. تاریخچه CCT ها و برنامه "Mas Familias en Acci ' on'".
4. داده ها
5. استراتژی تجربی
6. نتایج
7. تأثیر برنامه CCT بر خواهر و برادر دریافت کننده انتقال
8. بررسی های استحکام
9. بحث
منابع مالی
بیانیه مشارکت نویسنده CRediT
تضاد علاقه
قدردانی
ضمیمه
منابع
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical mechanisms for spillovers effects of CCTs
3. CCTs history and the “Mas Familias en Acci ´ on´ ” program
4. Data
5. Empirical strategy
6. Results
7. Impact of CCT program on the siblings receiving the transfer
8. Robustness checks
9. Discussion
Funding
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Conflicts of Interest
Acknowledgments
Appendix
References
چکیده
این مقاله وجود اثرات سرریز برنامه "M' as Familias en Accion" را بر روی کودکان واجد شرایطی که در حالی که هم نژادشان از این یارانه بهره مند نیستند، ارزیابی می کند. با استفاده از یک طرح غیرتجربی، از طریق تطبیق نمره گرایش و مدل تفاوت در تفاوت‌ها، ما تأثیر منفی بر ثبت‌نام مدرسه هم نژادهای غیر ذی‌نفع و همچنین افزایش غیبت آنها پیدا کردیم. علاوه بر این، ما اثرات سرریز ناهمگنی بر کار کودکان بر اساس جنسیت و سن پیدا کردیم. بر اساس نتایج، ما به جای محدود کردن تعداد فرزندان ذی‌نفع در هر خانوار، طراحی مجدد برنامه انتقال نقدی مشروط را با گسترش پوشش به سطح خانوار توصیه می‌کنیم.
Abstract
This paper evaluates the existence of spillover effects of the “Más Familias en Acción” program on eligible children who are not beneficiaries of the subsidy while their siblings are. Using a nonexperimental design, through a propensity score matching and a difference-in-differences model, we found a negative effect on the school enrollment of nonbeneficiary siblings, as well as an increase in their absenteeism. Furthermore, we found heterogeneous spillover effects on child labor by gender and age. Based on the results, we recommend redesigning the conditional cash transfer program by expanding the coverage to a household level, instead of limiting the number of beneficiary children per household.
Introduction
During the last quarter of 2018, 1.1 million Colombian children aged 5–17 worked an hour or more per week in some economic activity and performed domestic chores for 15 h or more weekly. That is, 10.3% of children worked during their childhood or adolescence (DANE, 2019).
In Colombia and most countries in the world, child labor is considered undesirable since it can harm children’s development, training, and performance in other activities that contribute to their well-being and future achievements (ICBF, 2017). Furthermore, child labor is a social problem because it compromises the education level reached by children, limiting human capital accumulation and economic growth (Holgado et al., 2014; Psacharopoulos, 1997; Khanam, 2007; Akabayashi and Psacharopoulos, 1999).
From a public policy perspective, the first step in eliminating or reducing child labor is to understand the reason adult household members allow their children to work. According to the Great Integrated Household Survey (GEIH by its Spanish initials), 85% of young Colombians work because of economic incentives (to participate in the family’s economic activity, to have their own money, or to help with household or education expenses). Consequently, governments should design public policies that not only search to discourage child labor but alleviate poverty and reduce economic stress in households as well.
Results
We test the impact of the program on four outcomes: (i) schooling attendance, a dummy equals 1 if the child attends an educational center, 0 otherwise; (ii) absenteeism days, the number of days that the child missed classes; (iii) child labor supply, a dummy equals 1 if the child worked during the week before the application of the survey