مقاله انگلیسی ارتباط بین اختلال تنفسی در خواب و عملکردهای رفتاری و شناختی
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Introduction
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by three core symptoms, namely hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Cases of ADHD are commonly observed among children and adolescent psychiatry outpatients. With a global prevalence of approximately 5%,1,2 ADHD is associated with poor academic performance and attainment in childhood and poor occupational productivity in adulthood due to impairment of executive functions.2,3ADHD is highly comorbid with mood and behavioral problems, such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and substance abuse. The prevalence of major depression, multiple anxiety disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder in clinically referred school-aged children with ADHD is reportedly 47%, 33%, and 59%, respectively.4Sleep-related problems are some highly prevalent comorbidities in children with ADHD. These problems include difficulty in falling asleep, bedtime resistance, excessive daytime sleepiness, rhythmic movements during sleep, restless leg syndrome, sleep walking, and night terrors.5, 6, 7 Up to 50% of parents whose children have ADHD reported difficulties with their child’s sleep.6 Therefore, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition,8 included sleep disturbances as symptoms of ADHD.