مقاله انگلیسی التهاب عصبی به عنوان یک ارتباط احتمالی بین ADHD و درد
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Background to hypothesis
The hypothesis
Evaluation of the hypothesis
Consequences of the hypothesis and discussion
Consent statement/Ethical approval
Funding
Declaration of Competing Interest
References
ABSTRACT
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pathological pain are two complex syndromes of multifactorial origin. Despite their prevalence and broad impacts, these conditions are seldom recognized and managed simultaneously. The co-existence of neuropsychiatric conditions (such as ADHD) and altered pain perception and chronic pain has been noted in children, and the comorbidity of ADHD and chronic pain is well documented in adults. Pathophysiological studies have suggested dysfunction of the dopaminergic system as a common neurochemical basis for comorbid ADHD and pain. Considerable evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of both. We suggest that central neuroinflammation underlies altered pain perception and pain sensitization in persons with ADHD. Based on our hypothesis, targeting neuroinflammation may serve as a potential new therapeutic intervention to treat ADHD and comorbid pain in children and adolescents and a preventive strategy for the development of chronic pain in adults with ADHD.
Introduction
The present hypothesis considers the coexistence of somatic and mental health complaints and the relationship between them. In other words, the whole affects the parts just as much as the parts affect the whole. This is in line with a holistic (rather than reductionistic) way of thinking. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain are complex syndromes of multifactorial origins. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits. It is one of the most common psychiatric pathologies, with an estimated prevalence ranging from 5 to 29% in children (depending on country, year of study, and method of diagnosis) [1] and 2–5% in adults [2] worldwide.