دانلود مقاله هیدروژل ها یک استراتژی درمانی امیدوارکننده برای درمان سرطان پوست
نکات برجسته
چکیده
چکیده گرافیکی
کلید واژه ها
اختصارات
1. مقدمه
2. روش ها
3. انواع هیدروژل بر اساس منشاء پلیمری
4. پیشینه مختصری در مورد سیستم هیدروژل برای مدیریت سرطان پوست
4.1. بررسی جدیدترین مقالات استفاده از هیدروژل در درمان سرطان پوست
4.1.1. هیدروژل های طبیعی
4.1.2. هیدروژل های مصنوعی
4.1.3. هیدروژل های هیبرید
5. نتیجه گیری ها
منابع
Highlights
Abstract
Graphical abstract
Keywords
Abbreviation
1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Types of hydrogels based on polymer origin
4. A brief background on the hydrogel system for the management of skin cancer
4.1. Review of the latest articles on the use of hydrogels for the treatment of skin cancer
4.1.1. Natural hydrogels
4.1.2. Synthetic hydrogels
4.1.3. Hybrid hydrogels
5. Conclusions
Availability of data and materials
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of Competing Interest
Acknowledgment
References
چکیده
سرطان پوست، مانند ملانوم و غیر ملانوم، شایع ترین بدخیمی در جمعیت سفیدپوست است. استراتژی درمانی موضعی نقش مهمی در درمان سرطان پوست دارد و هیدروژل ها می توانند به عنوان پلتفرم های عالی عمل کنند. اخیراً هیدروژل ها به دلیل سازگاری زیستی و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی مطلوب از جمله نرمی، محتوای آب بالا و انعطاف پذیری در پزشکی و داروسازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. هیدروژل ها می توانند از پلیمرهای مصنوعی، نیمه و طبیعی به صورت شیمیایی یا فیزیکی تشکیل شوند. شباهت آنها به بافت زنده می تواند کاربردهای زیست پزشکی عظیمی پیدا کند. مشکل اصلی شیمی درمانی ملانوما عوارض جانبی قوی آن است، زیرا فاکتورهای نئوپلاستیک سلول های سرطانی را از سلول های سالم تشخیص نمی دهند. به عنوان مثال، برخی از عوارض جانبی درمان سرطان ملانوما با شیمی درمانی و ایمونوتراپی شامل تهوع، استفراغ، مسمومیت کلیه، خستگی، افسردگی سلولی، درد شکم، درماتیت، هپاتیت و عفونت است. عوارض جانبی درمان های مرسوم، جستجو برای درمان های جدید برای سلول های سرطانی را تشویق می کند. اخیراً هیدروژل برای داربست های مهندسی بافت، پانسمان زخم و سیستم های دارورسانی استفاده شده است. این سیستم های دارورسانی از راه پوست به عنوان یک استراتژی جایگزین امیدوارکننده برای حمل عوامل ضد نئوپلاستیک برای جلوگیری از عوارض جانبی در حال ظهور هستند. هدف از این مطالعه توصیف برخی از آخرین پیشرفت‌ها (2019-2021) در استفاده از هیدروژل‌ها برای درمان سرطان پوست است.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Skin cancer, such as melanoma and non-melanoma, is the most common malignancy in white populations. The local therapy strategy plays an important role in skin cancer treatment, and hydrogels can act as perfect platforms. Recently, hydrogels have been investigated in medicine and pharmacy due to their desirable biocompatibility and physicochemical properties, including softness, high water content, and flexibility. Hydrogels can be formed from synthetic, semi-, and natural polymers chemically or physically cross-linked. Their resemblance to living tissue can find enormous biomedical applications. The principal problem with common melanoma chemotherapy is the strong side effects, because neoplastic factors do not recognize cancer cells from healthy cells. For example, some of the side effects of treating melanoma cancer with chemotherapy and immunotherapy include nausea, vomiting, kidney toxicity, fatigue, cellular depression, abdominal pain, dermatitis, hepatitis, and infection. The side effects of conventional therapies encourage the search for novel therapies for cancer cells. Recently, hydrogel has been applied for tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressings, and drug delivery systems. These percutaneous drug delivery systems are emerging as a promising alternative strategy for carrying anti-neoplastic agents to prevent side effects. The purpose of this study is to describe some of the latest developments (2019–2021) in the use of hydrogels for the treatment of skin cancer.
Introduction
In recent years, skin cancer has been considered as the most common diagnosed cancer in developed and developing countries and is divided into two main groups namely melanoma and nonmelanoma [1]. Also, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are classified as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) [2]. These cancers are most common in white patients [3]. American Academy of Dermatology Association reports that about 9500 people in the United States get skin cancer every day [4], and research estimates that nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) affects more than 3 million Americans a year [5]. There are several risk factors, including increased occupational and recreational UV light exposure and being older populations, exposure to certain chemicals and smoking are associated with skin cancer [6]. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are standard cancer treatment methods. However, drug resistance in chemotherapy, high toxicity, and systemic side effect are the biggest challenges in cancer treatment [7–9]. Therefore, the local therapy strategy has great potential for skin cancer because of their advantages over routine therapy ways. It has the capacity of delivering high concentrations of the pharmaceutical compounds on tumor sites. Among different drug delivery systems, hydrogels have been considered as typical and ideal platforms for local therapy. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers with a three-dimensional (3D) lattice that can maintain a great amount of water. They can be prepared with various kinds of biocompatible synthetic or natural polymers [10]. Hydrogels are named physical gels if molecular entanglements and second forces including H-bonding, ionic bonding, and hydrophobic force play an important role in making the network. However, in chemical gels, the network of covalent bonds is formed by cross-linking in solution or dry state [11].
Conclusions
Recently, hydrogels have been used as a drug carrier for skin cancer drug delivery. A hydrogel drug carrier was considered due to great biodegradability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. The development of a drug delivery system for effective cancer treatment in which we can track in vivo activity noninvasively is highly desirable, primarily with the aim of avoiding or reducing side effects. One of the major benefits of developing a drug delivery system for targeted treatment of melanoma skin cancer is that it is easier to access than other cancers. For this reason, there will be the possibility of several progresses in this region (drug delivery system with the melanoma cancer model). Also, there are several studies that have planned drug delivery systems with various anti-neoplastic factors that are used to investigate various kinds of cancer, including colon cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. The previously mentioned methods can also be tested in melanoma skin cancer. دThe use of hydrogelbased formulations in melanoma skin cancer as an anti-proliferative delivery system has several benefits compared to other conventional drug delivery systems and treatments. This formulation of hydrogel caused lower side effects than synthetic chemotherapy. It can be very effective in the treatment of skin cancer. They can be synthesized from natural, semi, and synthetic polymers by physically or chemically crosslinking.In pried of cancer treatment, the hydrogel can load drugs with poor solubility or stability, and they act as a carrier for drugs. In conclusion, comprehensive research is needed to advance the clinical translation of hydrogelbased drug delivery systems.