دانلود مقاله بازیابی گردشگری پسا COVID-19 با چارچوب مقصد گردشگری هوشمند
نکات برجسته
چکیده
کلید واژه ها
1. مقدمه
2. مرور مطالعات پیشین و توسعه چارچوب
3. روش تحقیق
4. نتایج
5. بحث
6. نتیجه گیری
ضمیمه A. شرح اقدامات
منابع
Highlights
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. Literature review and framework development
3. Research methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author statement
Appendix A. Description of the actions
References
چکیده
COVID-19 باعث ایجاد یک بحران جهانی بی سابقه شده است. گردشگری یکی از صنایعی بوده است که به شدت آسیب دیده است. شیوع اخیر کووید-19 شکنندگی جزایر وابسته به گردشگری را آشکار کرده است، به ویژه جزایری که بر پایه گردشگری انبوه ساخته شده اند. برای این جزایر که به شدت به گردشگری خارجی وابسته هستند، بازیابی بر اساس گردشگری مجاورت گزینه معتبری نیست. به منظور یافتن راه حلی برای این مقاصد، ادبیات و پیشنهادات موجود در مورد بازیابی گردشگری پس از بحران COVID-19 بررسی و در چارچوب یکپارچه مقصد گردشگری هوشمند که پیشنهاد شده بود، قرار گرفت. سپس این اقدامات با استفاده از روش دلفی با 36 شرکت کننده از همه ذینفعان در جزیره گرن کاناریا، اسپانیا تأیید شد. بیشترین اقدامات مورد توافق مربوط به توسعه مدل‌های تجاری جدید پیرامون گردشگری و بخش‌های جدید فعالیت اقتصادی، تضمین سلامت و ایمنی دست اندرکاران گردشگری، کمک مالی به شرکت‌های گردشگری و توضیح وضعیت مقصد در بازارهای مبدا بود. نتایج نشان داد که به دور از لفاظی‌هایی که گاهی با پیشنهادها و اقدامات مقاصد گردشگری هوشمند مرتبط است، استفاده از اقدامات ملموس و خاص با محوریت موارد خاص می‌تواند نقشه راه ارزشمندی برای مدیریت مقصد، آماده‌سازی مدیریت بحران و بهبودی پس از بحران ارائه کند.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented global crisis. Tourism has been one of the industries most severely affected. The recent COVID-19 outbreak has exposed the fragility of islands that depend on tourism, especially those built around mass tourism. For these islands that are highly dependent on external tourism, basing the recovery on proximity tourism is not a valid option. In order to find a solution for these destinations, the available literature and proposals on recovering tourism after the COVID-19 crisis were reviewed and framed in an integrated smart tourism destination framework that was proposed. These actions were then validated using a Delphi method with 36 participants from all the stakeholders in the island of Gran Canaria, Spain. The most agreed-upon actions regarded developing new business models around tourism and new sectors of economic activity, ensuring the health and safety of those involved in tourism, helping tourism companies financially, and explaining the situation of the destination in the origin markets. The results demonstrated that, far from the rhetoric sometimes associated with smart tourism destinations’ proposals and actions, using concrete and specific actions oriented to specific cases can provide a valuable roadmap for destination management, crisis management preparation, and post-crisis recuperation.
Introduction
COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis. Its impact on every economic sector, and especially on travel and tourism, has been massive. In 2020, the number of international tourist arrivals decreased by 74% (UNWTO, 2021a) while the forecast for 2021 remains in a range that varies between 55% and 67% fewer international arrivals than in 2019 (UNWTO, 2021b). As borders reopen, several simultaneous necessities must be addressed, such as the need to recover tourism as rapidly as possible while guaranteeing the health of tourist and residents and trying to save businesses from shutdowns. Thus, there is a need to order the possible actions from a comprehensive perspective. The smart tourism destination (STD) framework can be an appropriate tool for this aim. While the idea of STDs was originally associated with the implementation of information technology (IT) in destinations, the concept has evolved and currently considers IT as just a base for the development of many areas in the destination (Baggio et al., 2020). Authors mention such areas as leadership, entrepreneurship and innovation, social capital (understanding the development of collaborative networks), human capital (Boes et al., 2015; Del Chiappa & Baggio, 2015), mobility, resource availability and allocation, sustainability, and quality of life. Smart destinations have been identified as a new paradigm for destination management (Ivars-Baidal et al., 2019).
Conclusions
The academic literature and professional documents approach the concept of STDs from a wide array of perspectives, leading to the inclusion of many different areas and proposals. In some instances, the implementation proposals have been unclear. When some type of implementation has occurred, IT has been one of the gravitational forces surrounding the implementation. In many cases, smart is associated with technology. COVID-19 has clearly shown the fragility and delicacy of tourism. Smartness can be used to develop destination management that places destinations in a better place to face situations like the COVID-19 crisis.