دانلود مقاله نتیجه ثانویه اقدامات بهداشت عمومی در طول کرونا در گسترش بیماری های تنفسی
نکات برجسته
چکیده
کلید واژه ها
1. مقدمه
2. روش شناسی
3. نتایج و بحث
4. نتیجه گیری
پیوست A. داده های تکمیلی
منابع
Highlights
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Declaration of competing interest
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References
چکیده
بیماری کروناویروس 2019 (COVID-19) اقدامات بهداشت عمومی سختگیرانه ای مانند بهداشت دست، پوشیدن ماسک صورت و فاصله گذاری فیزیکی را برای جلوگیری از انتشار عفونت ویروسی ترویج کرده است. در این مطالعه گذشته نگر، نتایج ثانویه این اقدامات بهداشت عمومی در مورد سایر عفونت های تنفسی در میان جمعیت تایلند بررسی شد. داده های بستری در بیمارستان از سال 2016 تا 2021 از شش بیماری عفونی تنفسی، یعنی آنفولانزا، سرخک، سیاه سرفه، ذات الریه، مخملک و سل (TB) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. اول، موارد عفونی تنفسی مورد انتظار که در آن هیچ اقدام بهداشت عمومی وجود ندارد، با استفاده از مدل میانگین متحرک یکپارچه اتورگرسیو فصلی (SARIMA) برآورد می‌شود. سپس تعداد مورد انتظار و موارد مشاهده شده با هم مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که میزان بروز بیماری های عفونی تنفسی به طور متوسط 61 درصد کاهش قابل توجهی داشته است. کاهش بستری شدن در بیمارستان برای آنفولانزا، سرخک، سیاه سرفه، ذات الریه و مخملک قابل توجه است (05/0p<)، در حالی که برای سل ناچیز است (54/0=p). کاهش قابل توجه در بروز موارد ناشی از اجرای اقدامات بهداشت عمومی است که فرصت شیوع بیماری را به حداقل رساند. این کاهش در موارد به دنبال کاهش اقدامات متقابل همه گیر بستگی به دامنه و ماهیت آن دارد و گواه این است که فاصله گذاری فیزیکی انتخابی، بهداشت دست و استفاده از ماسک صورت در مکان های عمومی مسیری مناسب برای کاهش عوارض تنفسی است.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has promoted stringent public health measures such as hand hygiene, face mask wearing, and physical distancing to contain the spread of the viral infection. In this retrospective study, the secondary outcomes of those public health measures on containing other respiratory infections among the Thai population were investigated. Hospitalization data spanning from 2016 to 2021 of six respiratory infectious diseases, namely influenza, measles, pertussis, pneumonia, scarlet fever, and tuberculosis (TB), were examined. First, the expected respiratory infectious cases where no public health measures are in place are estimated using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. Then the expected number of cases and the observed cases were compared. The results showed a significant drop in the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases by an average of 61%. The reduction in hospitalization is significant for influenza, measles, pertussis, pneumonia, and scarlet fever (p < 0.05), while insignificant for TB (p = 0.54). The notable decrease in the incidence of cases is ascribed to the implementation of public health measures that minimized the opportunity for spread of disease. This decline in cases following relaxation of pandemic countermeasure is contingent on its scope and nature, and it is proof that selective physical distancing, hand hygiene, and use of face masks in public places is a viable route for mitigating respiratory morbidities.
Introduction
Since the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the representatives of WHO on March 11, 2020, various countries globally have adopted an array of mostly similar measures to contain its spread. Some of the precautionary measures encouraged and implemented included hand hygiene, use of face masks, varying degrees of lockdown measures (e.g., closures of schools and businesses, travel restrictions, and the issue of stay-at-home orders and/or work from home, etc.) and physical distancing measures such as forbidding large gatherings [1–4]. A systematic review of the effectiveness of public health measures and non-pharmaceutical interventions confirms their importance in curbing the rates of infection and mortality linked to the COVID-19 pandemic [5]. The ancillary benefits of these preventive measures have been reported to lead to substantial decreases in respiratory diseases like influenza with overlapping transmission dynamics [6,7]. A study from South Korea reported an overall decline in the mean positivity rate for several respiratory viruses from 54.7% in 2010–2019 to 39.1% in 2020 .
Conclusion
Public health measures implemented due to the spread of the COVID19 pandemic were associated with a significant reduction in other respiratory infectious diseases among Thais. A 61% average decrease was observed under the imposition of public health measures due to COVID19 compared with estimates in the absence of these measures. The percentage decrease in the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases in the presence of public health measures as opposed to its absence are 93%, 90%, 79%, 50%, 34%, and 8% for measles, influenza, scarlet fever, pertussis, pneumonia, and TB, respectively. A multiple of factors led to a decline in the reported incidence of respiratory infectious diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. More challenging to the observed trend following the implementation of public health measures, is untangling the contribution of each of these interventions. A valuable lesson to be learned from the pandemic is the embrace of non-pharmaceutical interventions to curtail the spread of respiratory disease seasonal regulars like the flu. It is also safe to assume that a reduction in hospital admissions or reports does not necessarily equate to a decrease in circulating respiratory disease agents. However, the proactive awareness campaigns by government agencies and compliance of the public to with these rules has greatly limited the transmission of the diseases. Moreover, the effect of public health measures varies among the disease types. Therefore, further work is inevitable to identify those measures that have a greater impact on each disease’s transmission.