چکیده
پیش زمینه
روش ها
نتایج
بحث
نقاط قوت و محدودیت ها
پیامدهای برنامه ای یافته ها
نتیجه
منابع
Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
Discussion
Strengths and limitations
Programmatic implication of findings
Conclusion
References
چکیده
بنگلادش کشوری با درآمد متوسط پایین است که بار زیادی از شرایط سلامت روان و سیستم های بهداشتی ناکافی دارد. تحقیقات قبلی در محیط های مشابه نشان داده است که آموزش پزشکان در زمینه سواد سلامت روان می تواند به کاهش شکاف درمان سلامت روان و تقویت مسیر مراقبت از سلامت روان کمک کند. این مطالعه نیاز به آموزش سلامت روان برای پزشکان را با جمعآوری دیدگاههای ذینفعان بررسی میکند و توصیههایی را برای طراحی یک برنامه آموزشی ذهنی در زمینه بنگلادش پیشنهاد میکند.
مصاحبههای مطلع کلیدی بین روانپزشکان (9=n) و کارآفرینان سلامت روان (n=7) انجام شد. یک بحث گروهی متمرکز با روانشناسان انجام شد (n = 8)؛ و مصاحبه انفرادی با پزشک انجام شد (17=n). با توجه به محدودیت های COVID-19، تمام مصاحبه ها به صورت آنلاین انجام شد، ضبط و رونویسی شد. رونویسی ها به صورت موضوعی، با استفاده از هر دو رویکرد استقرایی و قیاسی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از چهل و یک ذینفع، سه موضوع اصلی و هشت موضوع فرعی را ایجاد کرد. ذینفعان دریافتند که سیستم سلامت روان ناکافی و آگاهی پایین سلامت روان در بین پزشکان به طور قابل توجهی به شکاف های درمانی سلامت روان کمک می کند. ذینفعان بر لزوم گنجاندن آموزش بهداشت روان برای پزشکان برای افزایش مهارت های مربوط به شناسایی و مدیریت شرایط سلامت روان تاکید کردند. ذینفعان برخی از مؤلفههای اساسی برای محتوای آموزشی، روشهای عملی برای ارائه آموزش و چالشهای اجرا را پیشنهاد کردند. توصیهها شامل استفاده از آموزش آنلاین، اطمینان از محتوای جالب و کاربردی، و ترکیب سیستمهای صدور گواهینامه بود. در سطح سیستمی، ذینفعان شامل برنامه درسی سلامت روان در آموزش پزشکی در مقطع کارشناسی، ظرفیت سازی سایر کارکنان مراقبت های بهداشتی و افزایش آگاهی در سطح سیاست توصیه کردند.
توافق روشنی بین ذینفعان وجود دارد که اجرای آموزش بهداشت روان برای پزشکان، پوشش همگانی سلامت را ارتقا میدهد و شکاف درمان سلامت روان در بنگلادش را کاهش میدهد. این یافته ها می تواند از ایجاد سیاست هایی برای تقویت مسیر مراقبت در کشورهای با منابع محدود حمایت کند.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Bangladesh is a lower-middle-income country with a high burden of mental health conditions and inadequate health systems. Prior research in similar settings has found that training physicians in mental health literacy can contribute to reducing the mental health treatment gap and strengthening the mental health care pathway. This study explores the need for mental health training for physicians by gathering stakeholders’ perspectives and proposes recommendations for designing a mental training program in the context of Bangladesh.
Key informant interviews were conducted among psychiatrists (n = 9), and mental health entrepreneurs (n = 7); one focus group discussion was conducted with psychologists (n = 8); and one-on-one interviews were held with physician (n = 17). Due to the COVID-19 restrictions, all interviews were conducted online, recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were analyzed thematically, utilizing both an inductive and deductive approach.
The data analysis from forty-one stakeholders generated three major themes and eight subthemes. Stakeholders perceived that the inadequate mental health system and low mental health awareness among physicians significantly contribute to the mental health treatment gaps. Stakeholders emphasized the need to include mental health training for physicians to increase skills related to identification and management of mental health conditions. Stakeholders suggested some basic components for the training content, feasible modalities to deliver the training, and implementation challenges. Recommendations included utilizing online training, ensuring interesting and practical content, and incorporating certification systems. At a systems level, stakeholders recommended including a mental health curriculum in undergraduate medical education, capacity building of other healthcare workers and increasing awareness at the policy level.
There is clear agreement among stakeholders that implementing mental health training for physicians will promote universal health coverage and reduce the mental health treatment gap in Bangladesh. These findings can support creation of policies to strengthen the care pathway in countries with limited resources.
Background
Mental illness accounts for approximately one-third of the global burden of disability and represents a significant public health concern (Vigo et al., 2016). Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) account for 70% of this burden globally (Rathod et al., 2017). In Bangladesh, the estimated prevalence of mental health disorders among adults varies between 6.5 and 31% of the population (Hossain et al., 2014). Despite this high burden, mental healthcare-seeking behavior is low among the general population due to stigma and inadequate mental health literacy (Hasan et al., 2021). The allocated health budget for mental health is 0.44% of overall government healthcare spending, while mental health expenses account for 64% of out-of-pockethealth expenditure, as treatment is typically not covered by government or private insurance (Hasan et al., 2021) In Bangladesh, mental healthcare is unavailable in primary, secondary, and even in peripheral level health care facilities (Nuri et al., 2018; Uddin et al., 2019). Tertiary mental health facilities are centralized in urban areas, largely inaccessible and unknown to rural populations (Hasan et al., 2021; WHO, 2021; WHO, 2007; Rashid et al., 2021). The situation is exacerbated by the scarcity of healthcare workforce trained in mental healthcare; 0.16 psychiatrists and 0.34 psychologists for 100,000 population (Hasan et al., 2021). Low rates of mental health literacy among healthcare professionals mean that individuals with poor mental health who present with medically unexplained psychosomatic symptoms, remain undiagnosed (Uddin et al., 2019; Edwards et al., 2010). Health care providers, especially general physicians, have not received adequate training in mental health, leading to under-diagnosis and lack of onward referral to appropriate support (Hossain et al., 2014; Edwards et al., 2010; Shidhaye et al., 2013).
Conclusion
Considering the high burden of mental health issues and the impoverished mental health system in developing countries, integrating mental health training for physicians could be a feasible strategy to strengthen the mental health care pathway. In Bangladesh, adequate numbers of mental health care professionals cannot be trained soon enough, so a collaborative approach would be beneficial in meeting the population's needs. As the numbers of physicians are substantial and widespread, educating them about primary mental health care serves as an alternative option. These findings provide baseline evidence for further research, especially to measure the impact of mental health training on reducing mental health burdens. This study provides information to aid in designing appropriate training programs for physicians in Bangladesh and countries with similarly poor health systems.