چکیده
مقدمه
توسعه IAS 38 و مطالعات مرتبط
روش
یافته ها و بحث
بحث در مورد یافته ها
نظرات پایانی و تحقیقات آتی
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Development of IAS 38 and related literature
Method
Findings and discussion
Discussion of findings
Concluding comments and future research
References
چکیده
تحقیق و توسعه (R&D) به طور فزاینده ای در اقتصاد جهانی اهمیت دارد و رفتار حسابداری آن همیشه یک حوزه بحث برانگیز بوده و باقی می ماند. استاندارد حاکم بر رفتار حسابداری آن تحت استانداردهای بین المللی گزارشگری مالی، استاندارد حسابداری 38 دارایی های نامشهود است. این در سال 1998 صادر شد و تا امروز به قوت خود باقی است. این مطالعه تفکر تنظیمکنندگان استاندارد در توسعه تاریخی استاندارد را با شواهد از طریق مصاحبه با سرمایهگذاران سهام طرف خرید و فروش معاصر مقایسه میکند. به طور خاص، ما سودمندی تصمیم گیری اطلاعات حسابداری تحقیق و توسعه برای آنها و به ویژه سرمایه گذاری هزینه های توسعه را بررسی می کنیم. این بینش منحصربهفرد نشان میدهد که سرمایهگذاران اطلاعات حسابداری تحقیق و توسعه را برای تصمیمگیری مفید میدانند، از اصل سرمایهگذاری اجباری هزینههای توسعه حمایت میکنند، مشروط به رعایت شرایط مشخص، و به شدت مخالف هزینههای ایالات متحده هستند. با این حال، آنها چنین داراییهایی را بهعنوان سیگنال مناسبی از ایجاد ارزش آتی برای آنها در نظر نمیگیرند، چیزی که انتظار استانداردسازان بود. این به ابهام و ذهنیت درک شده شرایط فعلی در استاندارد نسبت داده می شود. چارچوب نظری ترجمه ناهماهنگ برای برداشتن این تنش ها به کار می رود. این مطالعه کمک قابل توجهی به تنظیم استاندارد و رشتههای تحقیق و توسعه ادبیات حسابداری مالی میکند و یافتهها پیامدهای سیاست مهمی را مطرح میکنند.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Research and development (R&D) is increasingly significant in the global economy and its accounting treatment has always been, and remains, a contentious area. The standard governing its accounting treatment under International Financial Reporting Standards is IAS 38 Intangible Assets. This was issued in 1998 and remains in force today. This study contrasts the thinking of the standard setters in the historical development of the standard with evidence through interviews with contemporary buy-side and sell-side equity investors. Specifically, we examine the decision-usefulness of R&D accounting information to them, and especially that of the capitalisation of development costs. This unique insight reveals that investors find R&D accounting information useful for decision making, are supportive of the principle of the mandatory capitalisation of development costs, subject to meeting specified conditions, and are very much opposed to a US expense all treatment. However, they do not regard such assets as providing an adequate signal of future value creation to them, which was the expectation of the standard setters. This is attributed to the perceived vagueness and subjectivity of the conditions currently in the standard. The theoretical framing of dissonant translation is employed to unpick these tensions. The study makes significant contributions to the standard setting and R&D strands of the financial accounting literature and the findings raise important policy implications.
Introduction
The objective of decision-usefulness to users in International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) 2018 Conceptual Framework has remained unchanged from the prior Frameworks (IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee), 1989a, IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee), 1989b, IASB (International Accounting Standards Board), 2010) and underpins all issued accounting standards. Further, Georgiou, (2018, p. 1297) highlights the importance of investors and analysts as “primary users of financial reports by standard setters” (and see Allini et al., 2018, Drake et al., 2019). Moreover, in relation to the accounting treatment of development costs, which is the focus of this study, this objective is reflected on the IASC’s expectation that the mandatory recognition of investments in intangible assets would enable the measurement of an enterprise’s performance and send an adequate signal, both for internal control purposes and for external purposes (emphasis added) (see IAS 38 Intangible Assets, BCZ, 39, bi and ii, d and Section 2.1). This accounting treatment enshrined in IAS 38 (issued in 1998), first included in IAS 9 (Research and Development Costs) (issued in 1993), was and remains a contentious area among preparers, users and standard setters. Although IAS 38 is now the predominant standard applied globally, historically, many countries adopted significantly different approaches such as the expense all treatment under US accounting standards (see in Horwitz and Kolodny, 1980, Nix and Nix, 1992 for details).
Conclusion
Within the financial accounting literature, studies directly examining the views of users on how they use accounting information and its decision-usefulness to them remain rare. This is despite successive IASC and IASB Conceptual Frameworks identifying such usefulness as a fundamental objective of financial reporting. In an exception to this lacuna, Georgiou (2018, p. 1325–6), reflects, that “there is demonstrably much to be gained, for our understandings of accounting and capital markets, by turning the financial statement user from a rhetorical resource to a subject of empirical investigation”.