دانلود مقاله دلایل اهمیت بهبود بحران در نظر شهروندان
چکیده
مقدمه
فرآیند سیاست گذاری پس از بحران به عنوان یک سیستم انطباقی پیچیده
اعتماد شهروندان به ظرفیت مدیریت بلایای طبیعی دولت
اقدام جمعی شهروندان
پاسخگویی دولت
ترس شهروندان
طرح پژوهش
تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و نتایج
نتیجه گیری
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
The post‑crisis policy‑making process as a complex adaptive system
Citizens’ confdence in the government’s disaster management capacity
Citizens’ collective action
Governmental responsiveness
Citizens’ fear
Research design
Data analysis and results
Conclusion
References
چکیده
فرآیند تصمیم‌گیری سیاست در عواقب بحران، یک فرآیند پویا و تکراری است که شامل شرایطی است که به‌جای ثبات و منطقی قابل پیش‌بینی، از نظر احساسی پیچیده هستند. این تحقیق به این سوال می پردازد: تا چه اندازه ترس شهروندان و درک آنها از پاسخگویی دولت بر اعتماد شهروندان به ظرفیت مدیریت بلایای دولت تأثیر می گذارد؟ با ساخت یک مدل معادلات ساختاری، ما همچنین اثرات میانجی دوگانه اقدام جمعی توسط شهروندان را تحلیل می‌کنیم. ما متوجه شدیم که اقدام جمعی شهروندان تأثیرات هر دوی این عوامل -سطح ترس شهروندان و پاسخگویی دولت- بر اعتماد شهروندان به ظرفیت مدیریت بلایای دولت را واسطه می‌کند. ما فرضیه های خود را با استفاده از پرونده تصادف Sewol Ferry در سال 2014 در کره جنوبی آزمایش می کنیم، یک فاجعه قابل توجه ناشی از خطای انسانی که منجر به از دست دادن 304 نفر شد. این تحلیل درس‌های عملی برای دولت‌ها ارائه می‌دهد که چگونه می‌توانند صدای شهروندان را در فرآیند سیاست‌گذاری به بهترین نحو درگیر کنند. وقتی شهروندان احساس کنند که دولتشان به آنها گوش می دهد و با آنها همدلی می کند، حمایت بیشتری از تلاش های دولت برای بهبودی می کنند. اقدام جمعی توسط شهروندان نقش مهمی در هدایت احساسات شهروندان و انتقال احساسات و نظرات آنها به دولت ایفا می کند و در عین حال سطح ترس آنها را کاهش می دهد که به نوبه خود اعتماد شهروندان را به ظرفیت مدیریت بلایای دولت افزایش می دهد.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
The policy decision-making process in the aftermath of a crisis is a dynamic and iterative process involving circumstances that are emotionally convoluted rather than stable and rationally predictable. This research addresses the following question: To what extent do citizens’ fears and their perceptions of governmental responsiveness affect citizens’ confidence in the government’s disaster management capacity? By building a structural equation model, we also analyze the dual mediating effects of collective action by citizens. We find that citizens’ collective action mediates the effects of both these factors—citizen fear levels and governmental responsiveness—on citizens’ confidence in the government’s disaster management capacity. We test our hypotheses, using the 2014 Sewol Ferry accident case in South Korea, a striking disaster caused by human error resulting in the loss of 304 lives. This analysis offers practical lessons for governments on how best to engage citizens’ voices in the policy-making process. When citizens feel listened to and empathized with by their government, they become more supportive of the government’s recovery efforts. Collective action by citizens plays a critical role in channeling citizens’ feelings and communicating their feelings and opinions to the government while decreasing their fear level, which, in turn, increases citizens’ confidence in the government’s disaster management capacity.
Introduction
A crisis is a critical external shock that disrupts the entire social system. This disrupted social system provides a new environment for people to adjust to and live in. Existing rules and institutions do not ft this changed environment. New operating rules are required to stabilize and normalize the broken system (Comfort et al., 2001; Holland, 2006). Any policy-making process that aims to develop recovery policy is situated in very complex circumstances. After a crisis, people tend to react to the situation emotionally rather than rationally. When citizens perceive that the government’s response fails to save human lives and protect against property losses, citizens blame the government and lose confdence in its disaster management capacity. A lack of citizen confdence in government causes people to be more anxious and uncooperative with the government’s policy implementation, which delays the social system’s recovery process. Thus, the government would do well listen to citizens and refect the opinions of the citizens in recovery policy to gain their support and cooperation in implementing the policy during a recovery process.
Conclusion
This research reveals a critical function of governmental responsiveness in developing a supportive relationship with citizens in a post-crisis recovery process. After a crisis of human origin, when citizens react very emotionally, citizens’ negative emotions decrease their confdence in the government’s disaster management capacity. Accordingly, the government’s ability to deal with citizens’ negative emotions is crucial to restoring citizen confdence, which in turn is needed to leverage the government’s recovery process. When the government responds sensitively to citizens’ emotional reactions to accidents and refects citizens’ desires in its process of building a new social system, citizens are more likely to strengthen the government’s legitimacy as it implements the new policies. This research also presents efective paths for coping with citizens’ negative emotions to increase their confdence in the government’s disaster management capacity. Citizens’ collective action plays a critical role in opening iterative communications between the government and citizens in a policy-making process. Even though the collective actions of citizens in the early stages of a recovery process might be motivated by negative emotions, those negative emotions can become an engine supporting the government’s disaster management system through adjustments to the communication processes activated by the citizens’ collective action.
Hypothesis 1 Citizens’ collective action increases citizens’ confdence in the government’s disaster management capacity
Hypothesis 2 Governmental responsiveness increases collective action by its citizens
Hypothesis 3 A government’s responsiveness increases its citizens’ confdence in its disaster management capacity
Hypothesis 4 Citizens’ fear increases citizens’ collective action Hypothesis 5 Citizens’ fear decreases their confdence in the government’s disaster management capacity