دانلود مقاله سن تشخیص اختلال اوتیسم و همبودی در کودکان و نوجوانان
چکیده
مقدمه
روش
نتایج
بحث
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
References
چکیده
هدف
برای مطالعه رابطه بین تشخیص سن اختلال طیف اوتیسم (ASD) و وجود بیماری‌های همراه، تحقیقات لازم است.
روش
پرسشنامه علائم گوارشی، اختلال طیف اوتیسم-همبود برای کودکان، پرسشنامه مشکلات رفتاری-فرم کوتاه و پرسشنامه ارتباطات اجتماعی توسط والدین 129 کودک و نوجوان با تشخیص ASD تکمیل شد.
نتایج
نتایج نشان داد که بین سن تشخیص ASD، وجود بیماری‌های همراه و ناتوانی ذهنی ارتباط معنی‌داری وجود دارد. ارتباط معنی داری بین سن تشخیص ASD و رفتارهای خودآزاری و کلیشه ای یافت شد. آسیب شناسی روانی همراه به طور قابل توجهی وجود علائم دستگاه گوارش را پیش بینی کرد. علاوه بر این، رابطه بین آسیب شناسی روانی همراه و رفتار چالش برانگیز در این مطالعه به صورت دو طرفه گزارش شد زیرا هر دو بیماری همراه یکدیگر را در نمونه پیش بینی کردند.
نتیجه
تحقیقات آینده باید نقش بیماری های همراه را در رابطه با تشخیص ASD در نظر بگیرد.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Aim: Research is required to study the relationship between age of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis and the presence of comorbidities.
Method: The Gastrointestinal Symptom Inventory, Autism Spectrum Disorder-Comorbid for Children, Behavior Problem Inventory-Short Form and Social Communication Questionnaire were completed by parents of 129 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD.
Results: Results revealed significant relationships between the age of ASD diagnosis, the presence of comorbidities and intellectual disability. Significant correlations were found between the age of ASD diagnosis and self-injurious and stereotyped behavior. Comorbid psychopathology significantly predicted the presence of GI symptoms. In addition, the relationship between comorbid psychopathology and challenging behavior in this study was reported as bi-directional as both comorbidities predicted one another in the sample.
Conclusion: Future research needs to consider the role of comorbidities in relation to ASD diagnosis.
Introduction
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.1 ASD is expressed on a continuum ranging from mild to severe. Some children may have strong language and intellectual abilities while others may not be verbal and may require lifelong care.
Age of Diagnosis
Research suggests that ASD can be reliably diagnosed as early as 24 months.2 More recently, studies have found that the average age a child receives an ASD diagnosis is between four and five years.3,4 Despite the growing prevalence of ASD and ASD awareness, previous research found that the age of ASD diagnosis has not decreased.3
Results and analyses
Over a third of the participants (36%; n = 46) reported taking medication, with hormones, laxatives and anticonvulsant medications being the most prevalent (see Table 1). It was reported that 47.3% (n = 61) had a psychological or medical comorbid diagnosis, including AD/HD (14.7%, n = 19), anxiety disorder (18.6%, n = 24), dyspraxia (6.2%, n = 8), and epilepsy (1.5%, n = 2). Regarding interventions, 18.6% (n = 24) received Applied Behavior Analysis, while a further 17.1% (n = 22) reported receiving eclectic intervention. The remainder (64.3%) of the participants (n = 83) reported receiving other interventions, such as special needs assistance, or received no intervention at all.