چکیده
1. مقدمه
2. مطالب و روش ها
3. نتایج و بحث
4. نتیجه گیری
منابع
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and methods
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
Author contribution statement
Acknowledgements
References
چکیده
استفاده از فنآوریهای دیجیتال در کشاورزی مزایای مختلفی از جمله کاربرد منحصر به محیط، نظارت بهتر و تسکین فیزیکی را ارائه میدهد. کار با این فناوری ها نیازمند مجموعه مهارت خاصی است. بنابراین، این سوال مطرح می شود که مدیران مزارع چه زمانی و چگونه در مورد فناوری های دیجیتال یاد می گیرند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل وضعیت موجود، نقشی را که فناوریهای دیجیتال در آموزش حرفهای مدیران مزرعه آتی ایفا میکند، بررسی کرد. با در نظر گرفتن مثالی از سیستمهای اطلاعات مدیریت مزرعه (FMIS)، مطالعه حاضر همچنین پیشبینیکنندههای مختلف پذیرش، از جمله تأثیر آموزش را تحلیل کرد. برای بررسی این سؤالات پژوهشی، یک نظرسنجی آنلاین بین معلمان و دانش آموزان برنامه حرفه ای مدیریت مزرعه در سراسر سوئیس در بهار 2021 انجام شد. در مجموع، 150 نفر شرکت کردند که 41 نفر از آنها معلم بودند. شرکت کنندگان به سؤالاتی در مورد محتوای آموزشی در برنامه مدیریت مزرعه و درک آنها از فناوری های دیجیتال به طور کلی پاسخ دادند. دانشآموزان همچنین گزارش دادند که آیا قبلاً مزرعهای داشتند که در آینده مدیریت میکردند و چگونه FMIS را درک میکردند. نتایج نشان میدهد که هم معلمان و هم دانشآموزان متقاعد شدهاند که فناوریهای دیجیتال نقش مهمی در کشاورزی دارند و در آینده اهمیت بیشتری خواهند یافت. بخش قابلتوجهی از 43 درصد از دانشآموزانی که شرکت کردند، نشان دادند که نه در مورد فنآوریهای دیجیتال در طول آموزش اولیه کشاورزیشان و نه برنامه مدیریت مزرعه بعدی را یاد گرفتهاند. از نظر FMIS، 51% از دانشجویان نمونه اظهار داشتند که در طول آموزش کشاورزی خود هرگز در مورد FMIS نشنیده اند. در حالی که یادگیری در مورد FMIS پیش بینی کننده قابل توجهی برای پذیرش نبود، جنسیت، سهولت استفاده درک شده و قصد استفاده از فناوری های دیجیتال بیشتر در آینده به طور قابل توجهی پذیرش FMIS را پیش بینی کرد. این مقاله نتیجهگیری میکند که برای حمایت از پذیرش فناوریهای دیجیتال و FMIS به طور خاص، آموزش مدیران مزرعههای آینده باید بر نحوه کار با FMIS برای افزایش سهولت استفاده از این فناوری تمرکز کند.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
The use of digital technologies in agriculture offers various benefits, such as site-specific application, better monitoring, and physical relief. The handling of these technologies requires a specific skill set. Therefore, the question arises of when and how farm managers learn about digital technologies. Aiming to analyse the current situation, the present research investigated the role that digital technologies play in vocational training for future farm managers. Taking the example of farm management information systems (FMIS), the present study also analysed various predictors of adoption, including the effect of training. To investigate these research questions, an online survey among teachers and students of the farm management vocational programme across Switzerland was conducted in the spring of 2021. In total, 150 individuals participated, 41 of whom were teachers. Participants answered questions about the learning content in the farm management programme and their perception of digital technologies in general. Students further reported whether they already had a farm they would be managing in the future and how they perceived FMIS. The results indicate that both teachers and students are convinced that digital technologies play an important role in agriculture and will gain more importance in the future. A substantial part of 43% of the students who participated indicated that they had learned neither about digital technologies during their basic agricultural training nor the subsequent farm management programme. In terms of FMIS, 51% of the student sample indicated that they had never heard about FMIS during their agricultural training.
Introduction
Digital technologies and FMIS in agriculture
The use of digital technologies in agriculture can facilitate the recording of data, support the sustainable use of resources, and make everyday work easier for farmers (Groher, Heitkamper, et al., 2020a, b). Digital technologies include a wide range of applications such as robots (e.g. for milking or hoeing), GPS applications (e.g. driver assistance or precision farming), sensors (e.g. measuring ammonia levels in barns or soil moisture), and smart phone applications.
One digital technology that helps farmers collect, manage, and interpret their data is the farm management information system (FMIS). In essence, FMIS are farm record systems, which provide information that supports decision making related to the farm business (Lewis, 1998). They can further assist inexperienced farmers in their decision making by compensating for a relative lack of farming experience (Lewis, 1998). FMIS are a heterogeneous group of systems that cover a range of different functions. Fountas et al. (2015) identified in their review four clusters of FMIS: (1) basic systems, (2) sales-oriented systems, (3) site-specific systems, and (4) complete systems. Basic systems offer a limited set of functions that mainly support traditional farm management. Sales-oriented systems focus on sales and marketing, inventory management, and finance functions. The third group, site-specific systems, focuses on precision agriculture. The final group of complete systems offers a wide range of functions, some of which are also covered by the other three clusters. In this group, the percentage of web-based and mobile functions is the highest (Fountas et al., 2015).
Conclusion
This work is among the first to investigate the role that digital technologies and FMIS play in agricultural training in Switzerland and what the predictors are for their adoption. The current study finds that only about 60% of the students of the farm management programme learned about digital technologies, and around 50% learned about FMIS during their agricultural training. Whether students had learned about FMIS in their agricultural training, however, had no significant effect on their adoption of FMIS. In line with previous research, which investigated the adoption of other technologies as measured with the TTMA, the current research also identified gender, perceived ease of use, and intention to use more digital technologies in the future as important predictors for the adoption of FMIS. These findings are relevant for both research and practice. For researchers, a better understanding of the predictors of the adoption of FMIS can help build prognoses for their future development. Further, an analysis of the situation in Switzerland complements the numerous studies conducted in Germany and helps reflect the situation in Europe. In terms of practical relevance, this knowledge can be useful to adapt the educational and advisory offers to fit the needs and skill levels of future farm managers. Policymakers can use the information to develop measures supporting the improvement of teaching materials and learning content.