دانلود مقاله ارتباط بین کانون کنترل، نظریه رفتار برنامه ریزی شده و نیت کارآفرینی سایبری
چکیده
مقدمه
مبانی نظری
روش شناسی
نتایج
بحث
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Theoretical foundations
Methodology
Results
Discussion
References
چکیده
این مطالعه با هدف بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کننده قصد کارآفرینی سایبری با ادغام دیدگاه‌های نظریه رفتار برنامه‌ریزی‌شده (TPB)، منبع کنترل و آموزش کارآفرینی سایبری انجام شد. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده از 242 پاسخ‌دهنده معتبر بر اساس مدل تحقیق با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری حداقل مربعات جزئی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که منبع کنترل داخلی کنترل رفتاری درک شده، هنجارهای ذهنی و نگرش ها را تسهیل می کند، که به نوبه خود، قصد کارآفرینی سایبری را افزایش می دهد. علاوه بر این، آموزش کارآفرینی سایبری تأثیر تعدیل‌کننده مثبتی بر روابط بین نگرش و قصد و بین هنجارهای ذهنی و قصد و تأثیر تعدیل‌کننده منفی بر رابطه بین کنترل رفتاری درک شده و قصد دارد. این مطالعه نشان دهنده تلاشی پیشگام برای بررسی عوامل تعیین کننده قصد کارآفرینی سایبری با بسط نظریه رفتار برنامه ریزی شده است. نتایج از منبع کنترل به عنوان یک ویژگی شخصیتی شناختی پشتیبانی می کند که سازه های شناختی نظریه رفتار برنامه ریزی شده را در زمینه کارآفرینی سایبری تسهیل می کند. علاوه بر این، آموزش کارآفرینی سایبری روابط بین سازه‌های شناختی TPB و قصد کارآفرینی سایبری را تعدیل می‌کند. یافته های این مطالعه چندین پیامد نظری و عملی مهم برای آموزش کارآفرینی سایبری ارائه می کند.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the determinants of cyber entrepreneurial intention by integrating the perspectives of the theory of planned behavior (TPB), locus of control, and cyber entrepreneurship education. Data collected from 242 valid respondents were analyzed against the research model using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that internal locus of control facilitates perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and attitudes, which, in turn, increase cyber entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, cyber entrepreneurship education was shown to have a positive moderating effect on the relationships between attitudes and intention and between subjective norms and intention, and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and intention. This study represents a pioneering effort to investigate the determinants of cyber entrepreneurial intention by extending the theory of planned behavior. The results support locus of control as a cognitive personality trait that facilitates the cognition constructs of the theory of planned behavior in the context of cyber entrepreneurship. Furthermore, cyber entrepreneurship education was shown to moderate the relationships between TPB cognition constructs and cyber entrepreneurial intention. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for cyber entrepreneurship education.
Introduction
The continued growth of e-commerce (EC) and the evolution of mobile telecommunication technologies are driving the growth of cyber entrepreneurship (Chang, Wang, Lee, & Yu, 2018; Wang, Lin, Yeh, Li, & Li, 2016). Key advantages of online businesses over traditional brick-and-mortar firms include lower startup costs, broader geographical reach, and greater interactivity with customers (Davis, 2013; Engard, 2016; Wang et al., 2016). Policies and cyber entrepreneurship-related courses have been proposed in countries such as India, Taiwan, and China to promote the growth and development of cyber entrepreneurship (Brevity, 2018; Chang et al., 2018; Horwitz, 2017). The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have fueled cyber entrepreneurship and created many new opportunities (Tajvidi & Tajvidi, 2021). Despite the upsurge in cyber entrepreneurship and related government support, intention to start an internet-based business remains low among the general population. For example, in the 2020/2021 GEM Global Report, the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association reported that only 15.5% of adults in Taiwan intended to start a business in the following three years. Furthermore, key statistics related specifically to cyber entrepreneurship fuel concerns about the continued robust development in internet-based business sector. For example, a recent study found that over 90% of online business startups fail within the first 120 days due to inadequate internet-marketing knowledge and skills (Skeldon, 2019). Therefore, identifying the key drivers of cyber entrepreneurial intention is necessary to better develop and deliver cyber entrepreneurship education.
Results and analyses
Structural relationships among the constructs may be estimated using either partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) or covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM; Hair, Hult, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2016), with PLS-SEM preferred when the research goal is to find key determinants (Hair, Ringle, & Sarstedt, 2011). Because the aim of this study was to examine the drivers of cyber entrepreneurial intention by integrating the TPB and locus-of-control personality trait, PLS-SEM was applied in data analysis. Moreover, PLS-SEM is preferred when it is impossible to meet the stricter assumptions of traditional multivariate techniques (CB-SEM). The results of the normality tests (i.e., the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) showed that all of the items deviated significantly from normality (ps < 0.001; Hair et al., 2016; Hair, Hollingsworth, Randolph, & Chong, 2017), suggesting that a nonparametric approach (PLS-SEM) rather than a parametric approach (CB-SEM) be used to analyze the data (Hair et al., 2016).
H1:Locus of control negatively influences attitudes toward cyber entrepreneurship
H2:Locus of control negatively influences subjective norms regarding cyber entrepreneurship
H3:Locus of control negatively influences perceived behavioral control over cyber entrepreneurship
H4:Attitudes toward cyber entrepreneurship positively influence cyber entrepreneurial intention
H5:Subjective norms regarding cyber entrepreneurship positively influence cyber entrepreneurial intention
H6:Perceived behavioral control over cyber entrepreneurship positively affects cyber entrepreneurial intention
H7a:Cyber entrepreneurship education positively moderates the effect of attitudes toward cyber entrepreneurship on cyber entrepreneurial intention
H7b:Cyber entrepreneurship education positively moderates the effect of subjective norms regarding cyber entrepreneurship on cyber entrepreneurial intention
H7c:Cyber entrepreneurship education positively moderates the effect of perceived behavioral control over cyber entrepreneurship on cyber entrepreneurial intention
Gender
Age
Education
Monthly Income (NT)
College of Management
Disciplinary Difference
Attitudes (α = 0.94, CR = 0.95)
A career as a cyber entrepreneur is attractive for me
Being a cyber entrepreneur would entail great satisfaction for me
If I had the opportunity and resources, I'd like to start an online firm
Among various options, I would rather be a cyber entrepreneur
Being a cyber entrepreneur implies more advantages than disadvantages to me
Subjective Norms (α = 0.93, CR = 0.96)
My friends approve of my decision to create an online firm
My close family approve of my decision to create an online firm
My colleagues approve of my decision to create an online firm
Perceived Control (α = 0.93, CR = 0.94)
I can control the creation process of a new online firm
To start an online firm and keep it working would be easy for me
I believe I would be completely able to start an online business
If I tried to start an online firm, I would have a high probability of succeeding
It would be very easy for me to develop an idea for an online business
I know the practical details to start an online firm
Cyber Entrepreneurial Intention (α = 0.97, CR = 0.98)
I am ready to do anything to be a cyber entrepreneur
I will make every effort to start and run my own online firm
I have very seriously thought of starting an online firm
I am determined to create an online firm in the future
My professional goal is to become a cyber entrepreneur
I have a firm intention to start an online firm some day