چکیده
مقدمه
گروه های تجاری و فرار مالیاتی
طرح پژوهش
نتایج تجربی
تست های اضافی
خلاصه و نتیجه گیری
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Business groups and tax avoidance
Research design
Empirical results
Additional tests
Summary and conclusion
References
چکیده
ما رابطه بین وابستگی گروه های تجاری و اجتناب مالیاتی را برای شرکت های سهامی عام در یک محیط جهانی بررسی می کنیم. به طور کلی، متوجه میشویم که شرکتهای گروه تجاری که به صورت عمومی معامله میشوند، اجتناب مالیاتی بیشتری نسبت به شرکتهای مستقل نشان میدهند. این شواهد با یافتههای قبلی در ژاپن و کره مطابقت دارد و نشان میدهد که فرم گروه تجاری به مالکان نهایی اجازه میدهد تا درآمد را بین واحدها تغییر دهند تا پرداختهای مالیاتی خود را کاهش دهند. با این حال، متوجه شدیم که این اثر محدود به شرکتهای کشورهایی با اقتصادهای توسعهیافته و با سنتهای قانون کد است. در بازارهای نوظهور، کشورهای قانون کد، تفاوت قابل توجهی در اجتناب مالیاتی مشاهده نمیکنیم، و در کشورهایی با سیستمهای قانون عرفی متوجه میشویم که شرکتهای گروه تجاری نسبت به شرکتهای مستقل اجتناب مالیاتی کمتری از خود نشان میدهند. بنابراین، شواهد ما نشان میدهد که میزان توسعه اقتصادی و منشاء قانونی یک کشور بر توانایی گروههای تجاری برای تسهیل اجتناب مالیاتی برای شرکتهای عمومی تأثیر میگذارد.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
We investigate the relation between business group affiliation and tax avoidance for publicly traded firms in a global setting. Overall, we find that publicly traded business group firms exhibit greater tax avoidance than stand-alone firms. This evidence is consistent with prior findings on Japan and Korea and suggests that the business group form allows ultimate owners to shift income between entities to lower their tax payments. However, we find that the effect is restricted to firms in countries with developed economies and with code law traditions. In emerging market, code law countries we do not observe a significant difference in tax avoidance, and in countries with common law systems we find that business group firms exhibit lower tax avoidance than stand-alone firms. Thus, our evidence suggests that the extent of a country’s economic development and legal origin combine to affect the ability of business groups to facilitate tax avoidance for public companies.
Introduction
A considerable literature has developed to understand the determinants of a firm’s tax avoidance.1 One important factor that has drawn attention is the ownership structure of the firm. In this study, we contribute to this literature by examining whether the business group ownership structure allows publicly traded affiliated firms to avoid more taxes than stand-alone firms and whether the impact of ownership structure on tax avoidance differs based on two fundamental country characteristics; namely the country’s level of economic development and legal origin. To address these questions we examine the relative tax avoidance of publicly traded firms affiliated with a business group versus stand-alone firms using an international sample from 38 countries. We first test whether the business group affiliation is associated with tax avoidance in general. We then investigate whether the relative tax avoidance of business group firms differs depending on the country's economic development and legal origin.
Summary and conclusion
In this paper we investigate how the business group ownership structure influences the degree of a firm’s tax avoidance across a broad multinational sample and whether broad country-level characteristics impact the strength of the relation between business group affiliation and tax avoidance. We use the Osiris and Worldscope databases to identify firms as being affiliated with a business group, and the MSCI Emerging Markets Fund to identify emerging market countries. Our sample period covers the 14-year period of 2000–2013. We compare the tax avoidance of groupaffiliated firms, i.e. publicly traded firms that belong to a business group where firms are linked with one another via corporate ownership relationships and the ultimate owner has at least a twenty-five percent effective decision/control rights over another firm, to the tax avoidance of stand-alone firms.