دانلود مقاله تأثیر سرمایه انسانی بر مصرف انرژی
چکیده
مقدمه
اثر سرمایه انسانی بر مصرف انرژی: کانال های مفهومی و فرضیه های تحقیق
روش شناسی
نتایج و بحث
نتیجه گیری و پیامدهای سیاسی
منابع
Abstract
Introduction
Human capital effect on energy consumption: Conceptual channels and research hypotheses
Methodology
Results and discussion
Conclusions and policy implications
References
چکیده
سرمایه انسانی جنبه مهمی از مصرف انرژی است که تأثیرات حیاتی بر رشد اقتصادی، پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی و بازسازی اقتصادی دارد. این مقاله بررسی عمیقی از تأثیر سرمایه انسانی بر مصرف انرژی با استفاده از یک نسخه توسعه‌یافته از تأثیرات تصادفی با رگرسیون بر جمعیت، ثروت و چارچوب فناوری ارائه می‌کند. نتایج برآورد شده با استفاده از مجموعه داده‌های پانل که 30 منطقه استانی چین را در دوره 1997-2018 پوشش می‌دهد و اعمال اثرات ثابت با متغیرهای ابزاری و روش کلی لحظه‌ها نشان داد که افزایش سرمایه انسانی به طور قابل‌توجهی مصرف انرژی را هدایت می‌کند. افزایش 1 درصدی سرمایه انسانی مصرف انرژی را تقریباً 0.3 درصد افزایش داد. تجزیه و تحلیل کانال دو مرحله ای برای آزمایش اثرات مقیاس، فنی و ساختاری نشان داد که تأثیر مثبت سرمایه انسانی بر مصرف انرژی اساساً بر اثر مقیاس است. با این حال، سرمایه انسانی با تحصیلات عالی فشار انرژی ناشی از این اثر را کاهش می دهد. بر خلاف اثر مقیاس، هر دو اثر فنی و ساختاری سرمایه انسانی باعث کاهش مصرف انرژی می‌شود و این کاهش در درجه اول با پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی شرکت‌ها مرتبط است. در نهایت، پیامدهای سیاست کنترل انرژی استراتژیک مرتبط با سرمایه انسانی را ارائه می‌کنیم.
توجه! این متن ترجمه ماشینی بوده و توسط مترجمین ای ترجمه، ترجمه نشده است.
Abstract
Human capital is an important aspect of energy consumption, exerting crucial effects on economic growth, technological progress, and economic restructuring. This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the effect of human capital on energy consumption using an extended version of the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology framework. The estimated results using a panel dataset covering China’s 30 provincial regions during the period 1997–2018 and applying fixed effects with instrumental variables and the generalized method of moments indicated that an increase in human capital significantly drove energy consumption. A 1% increase in human capital increased energy consumption by approximately 0.3%. A two-step channel analysis to test scale, technical, and structural effects revealed that the positive effect of human capital on energy consumption is based primarily on the scale effect. However, highly educated human capital alleviates the energy pressure of this effect. In contrast to the scale effect, both the technical and structural effects of human capital reduced energy consumption, and this reduction is primarily correlated with enterprises’ utility-oriented technological progress. Finally, we present strategic energy control policy implications related to human capital.
Introduction
The reliable provision of energy is an important driver of economic growth. Benefiting from the reform and opening up, China has become the largest developing country and the second largest economy in the world following four decades of rapid economic prosperity since 1978. However, at the same time, the nation’s energy consumption dramatically increased.As early as 2009, China surpassed the U.S. as the world's largest energy consumer. Because China is still undergoing industrialization and urbanization, energy consumption is expected to continue to increase. The nation's massive energy consumption not only places considerable pressure on energy security but also generates serious environmental pollution challenges (Liddle, 2013; Dong et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2021b). Subsequently, controlling energy consumption is of great significance for policymakers and has become an important goal of national economic macrocontrol (Ma et al., 2017), and is exemplified by the Strategy for Revolution in Energy Production and Consumption (2016–2030), declaring that the country’s total energy consumption will be controlled to under 6 billion tons of standard coal equivalent by 2030.
Conclusions
On the basis of an extended version of the STIRPAT framework, this study estimated the impact of human capital on energy consumption using a panel dataset of China's 30 provincial regions from 1997 to 2018. Our research demonstrated that human capital can increase energy consumption. In particular, the positive effect of human capital on energy consumption primarily stems from the scale effect, but higher-educated human capital consumes less energy through the scale effect. Moreover, both the technical and structural effects reduce energy consumption driven by human capital, and the technical effect contributed by enterprises and utility-oriented technical innovation have a dominant influence on energy mitigation from human capital.
H1. Human capital increases energy consumption through the scale effect.
H1a. Higher-educated human capital reduces energy consumption through the scale effect.
H1b. Lower-educated human capital increases energy consumption through the scale effect.
H2. Human capital reduces energy consumption through the technical effect.
H2a. The reduction of technical effect on energy consumption driven by human capital primarily comes from enterprises, rather than colleges and research institutes.
H2b. Compared with invention-oriented technical effect, the utility-oriented technical effect of human capital alleviates energy pressure.
H3. Human capital reduces energy consumption through the structural effect.